{"id":284,"date":"2021-01-14T17:46:49","date_gmt":"2021-01-14T14:46:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smartmag.theme-sphere.com\/good-news\/review-post-stars\/"},"modified":"2025-08-05T11:21:45","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T08:21:45","slug":"trans-pasifik-ortakligi-antlasmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/trans-pasifik-ortakligi-antlasmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Trans-Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (TPP)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trans-Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> (TPP) veya Trans-Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131, Avustralya, Brunei, Kanada, \u015eili, Japonya, Malezya, Meksika, Yeni Zelanda, Peru, Singapur, Vietnam ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri aras\u0131nda 4 \u015eubat 2016’da imzalanan bir ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. O zamanlar yeni se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olan ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131n Ocak 2017’de TPP’den ABD imzas\u0131n\u0131 geri \u00e7ekmesinin ard\u0131ndan anla\u015fma gerekti\u011fi gibi onaylanamad\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmedi. Geri kalan \u00fclkeler, TPP h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin \u00e7o\u011funu i\u00e7eren ve 30 Aral\u0131k 2018’de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Trans-Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Kapsaml\u0131 ve A\u015famal\u0131 Anla\u015fma adl\u0131 yeni bir ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fczakere etti.<\/p>\n

TPP, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Brunei, \u015eili, Yeni Zelanda ve Singapur taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan Trans-Pasifik Stratejik Ekonomik Ortakl\u0131k Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n (TPSEP veya P4) bir eklentisi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2008’den ba\u015flayarak, daha geni\u015f bir anla\u015fma i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ek \u00fclkeler kat\u0131ld\u0131: Avustralya, Kanada, Japonya, Malezya, Meksika, Peru, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Vietnam ile m\u00fczakere eden \u00fclkeler on ikiye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2017\u2019nin Ocak ay\u0131nda ABD anla\u015fmadan \u00e7ekildi. Di\u011fer 11 TPP \u00fclkesi, May\u0131s 2017’de anla\u015fmay\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in anla\u015ft\u0131 ve Ocak 2018’de anla\u015fmaya vard\u0131. Mart 2018’de, 11 \u00fclke, anla\u015fman\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f versiyonu olan Trans-Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Kapsaml\u0131 ve A\u015famal\u0131 Anla\u015fma’y\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Anla\u015fma, alt\u0131 \u00fclke (Avustralya, Kanada, Japonya, Meksika, Yeni Zelanda ve Singapur) taraf\u0131ndan onayland\u0131ktan sonra, 30 Aral\u0131k 2018 tarihinde bu \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Orijinal TPP, ticarette hem tarife d\u0131\u015f\u0131 hem de tarife engellerini azaltmak ve bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131-devlet anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm (ISDS) mekanizmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler i\u00e7eriyordu. ABD Uluslararas\u0131 Ticaret Komisyonu, Peterson Uluslararas\u0131 Ekonomi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131<\/a> ve Kanada K\u00fcresel \u0130li\u015fkiler Ba\u015f Ekonomisti Ofisi, nihai anla\u015fman\u0131n, onaylanmas\u0131 halinde t\u00fcm imzac\u0131 taraflar i\u00e7in net olumlu ekonomik sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131rken, Tufts \u00dcniversitesi’nden iki ekonomistin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu alternatif bir metodoloji, anla\u015fman\u0131n imzac\u0131lar\u0131 olumsuz etkileyece\u011fini ortaya koydu. Pek \u00e7ok g\u00f6zlemci, ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n jeopolitik bir amaca hizmet edece\u011fini, imzac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7in ticaretine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak ve imzac\u0131lar\u0131 ABD’ye yakla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Trans-Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Trans 2010 y\u0131l\u0131, bir TPP zirvesinde 12 olas\u0131 \u00fcye devletin 10’unun liderleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong><\/td>\nTicaret anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Taslak <\/strong><\/td>\n5 Ekim 2015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130mzalanma<\/strong><\/td>\n4 \u015eubat 2016<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yer <\/strong><\/td>\nAuckland, Yeni Zelanda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ge\u00e7erlilik<\/strong><\/td>\nY\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte de\u011fil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eartlar (ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in)<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00fcm orijinal imza sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmas\u0131 veya orijinal imza sahiplerinin GSY\u0130H’sinin %85’ine tekab\u00fcl eden en az 6 \u00fclkenin onay\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130mza sahipleri<\/strong><\/td>\n11 \u00fclke<\/p>\n

Avustralya<\/p>\n

Brunei<\/p>\n

Kanada<\/p>\n

\u015eili<\/p>\n

Japonya<\/p>\n

Malezya<\/p>\n

Meksika<\/p>\n

Yeni Zelanda<\/p>\n

Peru<\/p>\n

Singapur<\/p>\n

Vietnam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Onaylayanlar<\/strong><\/td>\n2 \u00fclke<\/p>\n

Japonya<\/p>\n

Yeni Zelanda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Depoziter \u00fclke<\/strong><\/td>\nYeni Zelanda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Diller<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0130ngilizce (\u00e7at\u0131\u015fma veya anla\u015fmazl\u0131k durumunda ge\u00e7erlidir), \u0130spanyolca, Vietnamca, Japonca, Frans\u0131zca<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Trans-Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n (TPP) ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda k\u00fcresel ekonomik entegrasyonun<\/a> h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme denk gelmektedir. Giderek artan b\u00f6lgesel ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, TPP \u00f6zellikle Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki ekonomik dengeleri de\u011fi\u015ftirme potansiyeline sahipti. Anla\u015fma yaln\u0131zca tarifelerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmay\u0131p, fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131, \u00e7evre koruma, emek standartlar\u0131, dijital ticaret, rekabet politikalar\u0131 ve kamu al\u0131mlar\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda da ortak kurallar getirmeyi hedefliyordu. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle TPP, yaln\u0131zca bir serbest ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ekonomik y\u00f6neti\u015fim alan\u0131nda kapsaml\u0131 bir d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunmay\u0131 vaat ediyordu.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019nin TPP\u2019den \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 ticaret sistemi \u00fczerinde ciddi bir etki yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Donald Trump y\u00f6netimi, “\u00d6nce Amerika” yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karken, TPP’yi de Amerikan i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ve sanayisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dezavantajl\u0131 bir giri\u015fim olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, ABD’nin geleneksel ticaret politikas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131r\u0131lma olarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak ABD\u2019nin geri \u00e7ekilmesi, anla\u015fman\u0131n tamamen rafa kalkmas\u0131na neden olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aksine, kalan \u00fclkeler k\u00fcresel ticaretin \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131na olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruyarak TPP\u2019yi “Kapsaml\u0131 ve A\u015famal\u0131 Anla\u015fma” ad\u0131yla yeniden \u015fekillendirmi\u015flerdir. Bu durum, k\u00fcresel ekonomik d\u00fczenin yaln\u0131zca ABD eksenli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer orta ve b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin de serbest ticaret normlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte kararl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

CPTPP (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership), orijinal TPP\u2019nin bir\u00e7ok h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc korumakla birlikte, ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ekilmesinden sonra anla\u015fmay\u0131 daha uygulanabilir k\u0131lmak ad\u0131na baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmelerin (KOB\u0130’ler) uluslararas\u0131 ticarete eri\u015fimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak mekanizmalar \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, kalan \u00fclkelerin anla\u015fman\u0131n ruhunu koruyarak daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

CPTPP\u2019nin hayata ge\u00e7mesiyle birlikte \u00fcye \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda mal ve hizmet ticareti daha serbest bir hale gelmi\u015f; yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir hukuk zemini olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Anla\u015fma, toplamda d\u00fcnya GSY\u0130H\u2019sinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %13\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eden bir ekonomik blok yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in bu anla\u015fman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, CPTPP\u2019yi Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir ekonomik entegrasyon modeli olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f; \u00c7in\u2019in alternatif olarak RCEP (B\u00f6lgesel Kapsaml\u0131 Ekonomik Ortakl\u0131k) gibi ba\u015fka platformlara y\u00f6nelmesini te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Jeopolitik a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, TPP ve onun devam\u0131 olan CPTPP, sadece ekonomik de\u011fil stratejik bir ara\u00e7 olarak da de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesi, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ekonomik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezlerinden biri haline gelirken, bu b\u00f6lgede kurumsal etkile\u015fim ve ekonomik yak\u0131nla\u015fma \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 projeksiyonu halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin anla\u015fmadan \u00e7ekilmesi bu anlamda \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00f6lgedeki ekonomik etkisini art\u0131r\u0131rken, Japonya gibi \u00fclkelerin liderlik rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015ftir. Japonya\u2019n\u0131n CPTPP i\u00e7indeki rol\u00fc, sadece bir imzac\u0131 \u00fclke olmaktan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7mi\u015f; anla\u015fman\u0131n koordinasyonu ve uygulanmas\u0131nda belirleyici akt\u00f6r haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, Brexit sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019\u0131n CPTPP\u2019ye \u00fcyelik ba\u015fvurusu yapmas\u0131, anla\u015fman\u0131n Asya-Pasifik d\u0131\u015f\u0131na da yay\u0131lma potansiyelini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu t\u00fcr geni\u015flemeler, CPTPP\u2019yi klasik bir b\u00f6lgesel ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan ziyade, k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta etki yaratabilecek esnek ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir ticaret \u00e7er\u00e7evesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu geli\u015fme, \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131l\u0131k ve serbest ticaret ilkelerine dayanan yeni bir ekonomik d\u00fczenin in\u015fa s\u00fcrecine katk\u0131 sunabilir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, TPP’nin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framas\u0131, onun temel prensiplerinin ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen terk edildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. CPTPP, bu miras\u0131 devralarak daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131, esnek ve uygulanabilir bir yap\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Gelecek d\u00f6nemde bu t\u00fcr ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi, sadece ekonomik de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda hukuki, \u00e7evresel ve jeopolitik alanlarda da derinle\u015ferek artacakt\u0131r. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bu t\u00fcr \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 anla\u015fmalar, k\u00fcresel tedarik zincirlerine entegre olma, yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7ekme ve ihracat kapasitelerini art\u0131rma f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 sunabilir. Ancak her \u00fclkenin bu t\u00fcr anla\u015fmalara kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, i\u00e7 dinamiklerine, ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131na ve stratejik hedeflerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak dikkatli bir de\u011ferlendirmeyi gerektirmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trans-Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (TPP) veya Trans-Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131, Avustralya, Brunei, Kanada, \u015eili, Japonya, Malezya, Meksika, Yeni Zelanda, Peru, Singapur, Vietnam ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri aras\u0131nda 4 \u015eubat 2016’da imzalanan bir ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. O zamanlar yeni se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olan ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131n Ocak 2017’de TPP’den ABD imzas\u0131n\u0131 geri \u00e7ekmesinin ard\u0131ndan anla\u015fma gerekti\u011fi gibi onaylanamad\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmedi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3768,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,48],"tags":[161,156,160,536,155],"class_list":{"0":"post-284","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-kuresel-trendler","9":"tag-amerika","10":"tag-avrupa-birligi","11":"tag-ticaret-antlasmalari","12":"tag-tpp","13":"tag-uluslararasi-antlasmalar"},"better_featured_image":{"id":3768,"alt_text":"Trans Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00fcye \u00fclkelerinin liderleri","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":640,"height":320,"file":"2022\/12\/TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi.jpg","filesize":58905,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi-300x150.jpg","width":300,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":16667,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi-300x150.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":9960,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi-150x150.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi-150x75.jpg","width":150,"height":75,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":5908,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi-150x75.jpg"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi-450x225.jpg","width":450,"height":225,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":32582,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi-450x225.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":null,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/TPP-Uyesi-Ulkelerin-Liderlerinin-Bir-Fotografi.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=284"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5456,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284\/revisions\/5456"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}