{"id":3471,"date":"2022-08-01T14:24:59","date_gmt":"2022-08-01T11:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=3471"},"modified":"2025-08-06T15:52:27","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T12:52:27","slug":"avrupada-rus-gazi-krizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/avrupada-rus-gazi-krizi\/","title":{"rendered":"Avrupa\u2019da Rus Gaz\u0131 Krizi"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Rus Gaz\u0131<\/strong>, ba\u015fta Avrupa olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz eder. \u00d6zellikle siyasi kriz anlar\u0131nda Rusya \u2013 Avrupa aras\u0131nda do\u011falgaz kritik bir rol oynar. Ukrayna krizinin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan itibaren Rusya\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7en enerji ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fiklik meydana geldi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Do\u011falgaz Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ve Y\u00fckseli\u015fler<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Gazprom, do\u011falgaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7en senenin Ocak \u2013 Nisan d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re Avrupa Birli\u011fi<\/a> ve T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in %26,9 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u015eirket, bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in gaz \u00fcretiminin ise ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine oranla %2,5 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi. Rusya\u2019da i\u00e7 piyasa a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n mevsim normallerinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde s\u0131cak olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki tedarik de 3,76 oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Avrupa b\u00f6lgesinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler meydana gelirken \u00c7in\u2019e yap\u0131lan ihracatta ciddi y\u00fckselmeler g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Sibirya boru hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00c7in\u2019e yap\u0131lan gaz ihracat\u0131 %60 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131. \u00a0Rus yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan Asya pazar\u0131ndaki ihtiya\u00e7 nedeniyle Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ihracat konusunda Avrupa\u2019ya daha az sat\u0131\u015f yapabilece\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Mevcut durumda Rusya, Avrupa gaz\u0131n\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131, petrol\u00fcn ise %27\u2019sini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

AB \u00dclkelerinin Rus Gaz\u0131na Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme \u00c7abalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Almanya Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rapora g\u00f6re Rus petrol\u00fcne olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k %35\u2019ten %12\u2019ye, Rus k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcne olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k %50\u2019den %8\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Rus do\u011falgaz\u0131na olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ise %55\u2019ten %35\u2019e indi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Nisan ay\u0131nda \u0130talya ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Cezayir ile gaz ithalat\u0131n\u0131 %40\u2019a y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131. Bu, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna krizinden sonra Rus gaz\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulmak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk hamle oldu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

AB \u00fclkelerine Rus gaz\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015fi Nisan 2021\u2019den Nisan 2022\u2019ye kadar %45\u2019ten %31\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra boru hatt\u0131ndan gelen gaz oran\u0131 sene baz\u0131nda %40\u2019tan %26\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Do\u011falgaz ithalat\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f olsa da s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011falgaz\u0131n ithalat oran\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re %36 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131. Bu oran Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n enerji al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n meyve vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Avrupa Komisyonu yine ayn\u0131 kapsamda \u0130srail ve M\u0131s\u0131r ile Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019den s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011falgaz almak i\u00e7in memorandum imzalad\u0131. Di\u011fer alternatifler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Avrupa, gaz\u0131 farkl\u0131 yerden almas\u0131 durumunda daha fazla \u00f6deme yaparak al\u0131m yapacak. Amerika\u2019dan almas\u0131 durumunda ABD vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6demelerden<\/a> daha pahal\u0131 tarifelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facak.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"\r\n
Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Gaz Talebindeki Pay\u0131, 2001-2021
Kaynak: IEA<\/em><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00fcncel Durum<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

AB \u00fcye devletleri enerji arz\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak amac\u0131yla \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki k\u0131\u015f gaz talebini %15 azaltma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Rusya ise bu karara tepki olarak Avrupa\u2019ya giden gaz\u0131 kesme karar\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kuzey Ak\u0131m 1 Boru Hatt\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kuzey Ak\u0131m, St. Petersburg\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p Almanya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusuna kadar uzanan 1200 km uzunlu\u011fundaki bir yoldur. Boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk hissesi GAZPROM\u2019a aittir. Almanya, do\u011falgaz ithalat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu bu hat \u00fczerinden temin etmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Gaz Kesintileri<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

GAZPROM<\/a>, bak\u0131m i\u015flerini gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek Kuzey Ak\u0131m Boru Hatt\u0131\u2019n\u0131 10 g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle kapatt\u0131. Boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ise Rusya, do\u011falgaz arz\u0131n\u0131 %20\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bu kesintilere Avrupa\u2019dan da tepkiler geldi. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bak\u0131m i\u015fleri gerek\u00e7esinin ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savundu. Zelenskiy ise Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a enerji alan\u0131nda sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n %15 oran\u0131nda gaz kesintisi karar\u0131 almas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Putin, gaz\u0131 ruble ile alan Avrupa devletlerinin rublenin de\u011ferinin korunmas\u0131na destek olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Bu \u015fekilde \u00f6deme yapmay\u0131 reddeden Bulgaristan, Polonya ve Finlandiya\u2019n\u0131n gaz\u0131 kesildi. Gaz kesintilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer enerji t\u00fcrleri de tart\u0131\u015fma konusu oldu. \u00d6rne\u011fin Putin \u201cRus petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n fikirler duyuyoruz, petrol fiyatlar\u0131 birden u\u00e7abilir.\u201d diyerek Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 di\u011fer enerji alanlar\u0131nda da uyard\u0131.<\/p>\r\n

Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Jeopolitik Dengeler<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Rusya ile Avrupa aras\u0131ndaki enerji ili\u015fkileri sadece ekonomik de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda jeopolitik anlamda da stratejik bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n enerji arz\u0131nda uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, Avrupa \u00fclkeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sorununu daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale getirmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca arz\u0131n miktar\u0131 ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fiyle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kayna\u011f\u0131n politik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klardan ne derece etkilendi\u011fiyle de do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede AB\u2019nin son y\u0131llarda enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme ve enerji verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar, sadece \u00e7evresel ya da ekonomik de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda stratejik ve g\u00fcvenlik temelli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak da de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\r\n

2022 itibar\u0131yla ya\u015fanan krizler, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in alternatif enerji rotalar\u0131n\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla g\u00fcndeme almas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Norve\u00e7\u2019ten gelen boru hatt\u0131 kapasitelerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Azerbaycan ve T\u00fcrkmenistan gibi \u00fclkelerden Transkafkasya \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya do\u011falgaz ta\u015f\u0131yacak G\u00fcney Gaz Koridoru\u2019nun geni\u015fletilmesi gibi projeler daha fazla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca AB \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda enerji payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve ortak gaz al\u0131m\u0131 gibi koordineli stratejiler de geli\u015ftirilmekte ve bu konuda hukuki altyap\u0131lar olu\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Uzun Vadeli Etkiler ve K\u00fcresel Enerji Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015f politika arac\u0131 olarak kullanmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler nezdinde enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131yla entegrasyonunu zorunlu k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD ve Kanada gibi \u00fclkelerden LNG al\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, sadece ticari bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni bir siyasi-enerji blo\u011funun \u015fekillendi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu yeni d\u00fczende enerji diplomasisi, klasik diplomasiyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

\u00d6te yandan, Rusya da ihracat y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesine \u00e7evirmekte ve \u00c7in ile olan enerji i\u015f birli\u011fini stratejik bir ortakl\u0131k d\u00fczeyine ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u201cPower of Siberia 2\u201d gibi yeni boru hatt\u0131 projeleri, \u00c7in\u2019in enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu kadar Rusya\u2019n\u0131n da alternatif pazar aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Hindistan gibi enerji a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek \u00fclkelerle de temaslar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131, enerji jeopoliti\u011finin k\u00fcresel eksende yeniden \u015fekillendi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, enerji ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm sadece ge\u00e7ici bir arz-talep uyumsuzlu\u011fundan ibaret de\u011fildir. Ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, enerji pazarlar\u0131nda uzun vadeli stratejik k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n habercisi olabilir. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n enerji t\u00fcketiminde yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcreci, enerji tasarrufu, yenilenebilir yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve dijital enerji sistemlerinin geli\u015fimini de h\u0131zland\u0131racakt\u0131r. Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise bu de\u011fi\u015fim, mevcut ekonomik yap\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f ticaret gelirleri \u00fczerinden yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Enerji, art\u0131k sadece bir ticaret kalemi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fcresel politik g\u00fc\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n belirleyici unsurlar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do\u011falgaz Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ve Y\u00fckseli\u015fler Gazprom, do\u011falgaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7en senenin Ocak \u2013 Nisan d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in %26,9 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u015eirket, bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in gaz \u00fcretiminin ise ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine oranla %2,5 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi. Rusya\u2019da i\u00e7 piyasa a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n mevsim normallerinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde s\u0131cak olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fclke<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":3528,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,49,48],"tags":[156,54,192,56],"class_list":{"0":"post-3471","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-jeopolitik-risk-analizi","9":"category-kuresel-trendler","10":"tag-avrupa-birligi","11":"tag-enerji-krizi","12":"tag-fosil-yakitlar","13":"tag-ukrayna-krizi"},"better_featured_image":{"id":3528,"alt_text":"Avrupa Enerji Krizi","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":500,"height":522,"file":"2022\/08\/rus-gazi-4.jpg","filesize":111085,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"rus-gazi-4-287x300.jpg","width":287,"height":300,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":20103,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/rus-gazi-4-287x300.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"rus-gazi-4-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":6027,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/rus-gazi-4-150x150.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"rus-gazi-4-150x157.jpg","width":150,"height":157,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":6307,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/rus-gazi-4-150x157.jpg"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"rus-gazi-4-450x470.jpg","width":450,"height":470,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":44972,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/rus-gazi-4-450x470.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":3471,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/rus-gazi-4.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3471"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3471\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5490,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3471\/revisions\/5490"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}