{"id":3973,"date":"2023-03-11T17:53:17","date_gmt":"2023-03-11T14:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=3973"},"modified":"2025-08-10T13:49:30","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T10:49:30","slug":"abdde-pandemi-nedeniyle-emeklilige-basvuru-sayisi-artti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/abdde-pandemi-nedeniyle-emeklilige-basvuru-sayisi-artti\/","title":{"rendered":"ABD’de Pandemi Nedeniyle Emeklili\u011fe Ba\u015fvuru Say\u0131s\u0131 Artt\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Covid-19 Pandemisi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan etkiledi.<\/a> Pandemi\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar bireysel ya\u015fama da etki etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Pandemi boyunca emeklili\u011fe olan talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131 buna bir \u00f6rnek. Pandemi boyunca ABD\u2019de emeklili\u011fe ba\u015fvuru say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131. \u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki bu azalman\u0131n ileriki y\u0131llarda ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye etki edece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131 sekteye u\u011fratan Pandemi insanlar\u0131n i\u015fe gitme motivasyonlar\u0131nda azalmaya sebep oldu. Kalabal\u0131k ortamlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve Pandemi\u2019nin bunalt\u0131c\u0131 atmosferini evinde ge\u00e7irmek isteyen insanlar emeklili\u011fi tercih etti. Labor Department<\/a> via Federal Reserve verilerine g\u00f6re ABD\u2019de i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m 55 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki bireylerde 2020 itibariyle %38 seviyelerini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u0130lerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te insanlar\u0131n Pandemi \u015fartlar\u0131na al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla beraber bu oran\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekmekte. 2020\u2019nin ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru 55 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndekilerin i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 %39\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.\u00a0 2021\u2019e do\u011fru ise tekrardan d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Oxford Economics\u2019in \u00f6nde gelen ekonomistlerinden Lydia Boussour\u2019a g\u00f6re Covid-19\u2019un daha ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlarda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ciddi risk, bu s\u0131n\u0131f gurubundaki insanlar\u0131n i\u015fe devam etmelerini cayd\u0131rd\u0131. Devlet yetkililerinin ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e riskin artaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da buna etkisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015ften emekli olan \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7inin sa\u011fl\u0131k krizi diyebilece\u011fimiz bu olay bitene kadar geri i\u015fe d\u00f6nece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek \u015fu an i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Pandemi\u2019nin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan beri ABD\u2019de 2.4 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i emekli oldu. Bu say\u0131 2019\u2019da emekli olanlar\u0131n iki kat\u0131ndan daha fazla. Hali haz\u0131rda her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l y\u00fckselen bu say\u0131 Pandemi ile beraber dramatik derecede artt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re i\u015ften emekli olan bu insanlar\u0131n birikimleri \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fil. Bu durumun Medicaid\u2019e ve ya\u015fl\u0131 yard\u0131m programlar\u0131na talebi artt\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Pandemi boyunca i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmalar\u0131n da artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda emeklilik ayn\u0131 zamanda baz\u0131 bireyler i\u00e7in zorunlulu\u011fu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olabilir. \u0130\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya\u015fl\u0131 bireylerin ise tekrardan i\u015f bulma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131la oranla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130\u015f bulma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan ya\u015fl\u0131 bireylerin gen\u00e7 i\u015f arayanlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f bulma olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yok denecek kadar az. 55-64 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda i\u015fsiz olan fakat emekli olmay\u0131 tercih etmeyen ABD vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131k\u2019\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re ortalama i\u015fsizlik s\u00fcresi ge\u00e7en y\u0131l \u015eubat ay\u0131nda\u00a0 25,9 haftayd\u0131. Bu say\u0131 2021 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda 32,5 hafta oldu.<\/p>\n

Pandemi s\u00fcrecinde emeklilik dalgas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca sa\u011fl\u0131k endi\u015fesi de\u011fil, ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n belirsizli\u011fi de \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. Faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seyretmesi, birikimlerin getirisini azaltt\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in aktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmenin cazibesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca, pandeminin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde borsalarda ya\u015fanan sert dalgalanmalar, \u00f6zellikle 401(k) gibi emeklilik planlar\u0131na g\u00fcvenen ki\u015filerin risk alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, birikimlerinin de\u011fer kaybedece\u011fi endi\u015fesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p kalan varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma yoluna gitti.<\/p>\n

Evden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modeline ge\u00e7i\u015f, bir\u00e7ok beyaz yakal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u00e7in olumlu bir geli\u015fme olarak alg\u0131lansa da, ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bu yeni d\u00fczene uyum sa\u011flamakta zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar da oldu. Dijital teknolojilere al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olmayan, i\u015flerini y\u00fcz y\u00fcze y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer, uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde hem \u00fcretkenlik hem de ileti\u015fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zorland\u0131. Bu uyum sorunu, baz\u0131 ki\u015filer i\u00e7in emeklilik karar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131ran bir fakt\u00f6r haline geldi.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, pandemide sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck ve hastanelerdeki yo\u011funluk, kronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ya\u015fl\u0131 bireylerde ciddi endi\u015fe yaratt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle ABD\u2019nin baz\u0131 eyaletlerinde sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine eri\u015fimde ya\u015fanan aksakl\u0131klar, ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u201c\u015fimdi b\u0131rakmazsam ileride daha zor olabilir\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu. Bu durum, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc emeklilik kararlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda ya\u015fl\u0131 bireylerin yerini doldurmak, baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde ciddi bir sorun olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Deneyimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n emekli olmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle uzmanl\u0131k gerektiren alanlarda bilgi ve beceri kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. M\u00fchendislik, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, e\u011fitim gibi alanlarda deneyimli personelin kayb\u0131, yeni i\u015fe al\u0131nan gen\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n e\u011fitilmesi i\u00e7in ek maliyet ve zaman gerektirdi. Bu da \u015firketlerin verimlilik hedeflerini olumsuz etkiledi.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan, pandeminin getirdi\u011fi emeklilik dalgas\u0131, emlak piyasas\u0131nda da baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimlere neden oldu. Emekli olan bireylerin \u015fehir merkezlerinden uzakla\u015f\u0131p daha sakin, k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelere ta\u015f\u0131nma e\u011filimi artt\u0131. Bu durum, baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kasabalarda konut talebini ve fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltirken, metropol b\u00f6lgelerdeki kiral\u0131k ve sat\u0131l\u0131k konut stoklar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ekonomistler, bu t\u00fcr demografik kaymalar\u0131n uzun vadede i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc arz\u0131 \u00fczerinde kal\u0131c\u0131 etkiler yaratabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00d6zellikle baby boomer ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kitlesel emeklili\u011fi, gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklar\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda daha h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckselmesine zemin haz\u0131rlayabilir. Ancak bu h\u0131zl\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015fin, tecr\u00fcbe eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle verimlilikte k\u0131sa vadeli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flere yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi de belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, erken emeklilik baz\u0131 bireyler i\u00e7in maddi zorluklara kap\u0131 aralad\u0131. Yeterli birikimi olmayan ki\u015filer, emeklilik maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ek gelir kaynaklar\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu da yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 i\u015fler, serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli giri\u015fimlere y\u00f6nelimi art\u0131rd\u0131. Pandemi, bu anlamda gig ekonomisinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini h\u0131zland\u0131ran bir unsur oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, baz\u0131 uzmanlar pandemide ya\u015fanan bu emeklilik trendinin tamamen geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131k risklerinin azalmas\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131ndaki talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na d\u00f6nmesine yol a\u00e7abilir. Ancak geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerin genellikle tam zamanl\u0131 de\u011fil, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modelleri \u015feklinde olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Kamu politikalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise bu durum, emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemleri ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 planlar\u0131 gibi konularda yeni d\u00fczenleme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Baz\u0131 eyaletlerde, ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u015fte tutmak i\u00e7in vergi indirimleri ve esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imkanlar\u0131 gibi te\u015fvikler de\u011ferlendirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Covid-19\u2019un tetikledi\u011fi emeklilik art\u0131\u015f\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bireysel kararlar\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ekonomik, sosyal ve demografik dinamiklerin bir araya gelmesiyle olu\u015fan karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcrecin sonucu olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu s\u00fcrecin etkileri, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda hem i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda hem de sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerinde kendini g\u00f6stermeye devam edecek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Covid-19 Pandemisi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan etkiledi. Pandemi\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar bireysel ya\u015fama da etki etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Pandemi boyunca emeklili\u011fe olan talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131 buna bir \u00f6rnek. Pandemi boyunca ABD\u2019de emeklili\u011fe ba\u015fvuru say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131. \u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki bu azalman\u0131n ileriki y\u0131llarda ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye etki edece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. G\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131 sekteye u\u011fratan Pandemi insanlar\u0131n i\u015fe gitme<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":3974,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,49,48,47],"tags":[188,190,189],"class_list":{"0":"post-3973","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-jeopolitik-risk-analizi","9":"category-kuresel-trendler","10":"category-makro-ekonomik-analizler","11":"tag-abd","12":"tag-covid","13":"tag-emeklilik"},"better_featured_image":{"id":3974,"alt_text":"Covid ABD Emeklilik","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":972,"height":648,"file":"2023\/03\/ABD-Emeklilik.jpg","filesize":262620,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"ABD-Emeklilik-300x200.jpg","width":300,"height":200,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":10992,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ABD-Emeklilik-300x200.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"ABD-Emeklilik-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":4895,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ABD-Emeklilik-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"ABD-Emeklilik-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":70362,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ABD-Emeklilik-768x512.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"ABD-Emeklilik-150x100.jpg","width":150,"height":100,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":3706,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ABD-Emeklilik-150x100.jpg"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"ABD-Emeklilik-450x300.jpg","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":23420,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ABD-Emeklilik-450x300.jpg"},"bunyad-768":{"file":"ABD-Emeklilik-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":70362,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ABD-Emeklilik-768x512.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1","keywords":[]}},"post":3973,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ABD-Emeklilik.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3973"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3973\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5513,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3973\/revisions\/5513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}