{"id":4046,"date":"2023-03-12T17:27:56","date_gmt":"2023-03-12T14:27:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=4046"},"modified":"2025-08-04T11:57:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T08:57:56","slug":"pandemi-ve-turizm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/pandemi-ve-turizm\/","title":{"rendered":"Pandemi ve Turizm"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pandemi ve turizm<\/strong> birbirini nas\u0131l etkiledi? Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131nda her \u015feyi etkiledi\u011fi gibi<\/a> tatile gitmelerinin de \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerden biri oldu. \u0130nsanlar salg\u0131n\u0131n hayatlar\u0131nda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bunal\u0131mdan kurtularak keyifli bir tatil yapmak isteseler de vir\u00fcs\u00fcn s\u0131\u00e7rama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle 2020\u2019de tatile gitmeye tedirgin yakla\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc derinden etkileyebilecek olmas\u0131 devletleri bir dizi \u00f6nlem almaya itti.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131n d\u00f6neminde zor duruma giren i\u015fletmelerin de desteklenmeleri amac\u0131yla \u2018kefaletsiz kredi, kredi faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n devlet destekli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, mevcut kredilerin \u00f6deme vadesinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131\u2019 gibi uygulamalar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe kondu.<\/p>\n

Avustralya\u2019da ve Fransa\u2019da turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn zarar\u0131n\u0131n en aza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi amac\u0131yla dayan\u0131\u015fma fonu olu\u015fturuldu. T\u00fcrk liras\u0131ndaki de\u011fer kayb\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkelere nazaran T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki daralmadan daha az etkilenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu sene T\u00fcrkiye pandemi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ayakta kalabilmesi amac\u0131yla ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise \u015fu \u015fekildeydi:<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 hat u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131ndaki KDV oran\u0131<\/a> 30 Haziran\u2019a kadar y\u00fczde 18\u2019den y\u00fczde 1\u2019e indirildi,<\/p>\n

Haziran 2020 sonuna kadar \u00f6denmesi gereken irtifak hakk\u0131 bedelleri, ecri misil gibi \u00f6demeler 6 ay ertelendi,<\/p>\n

PwC raporuna g\u00f6re Nisan 2020\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi gereken Konaklama Vergisi 2021 ba\u015f\u0131na ertelendi.<\/p>\n

Pandemi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hijyenin turistlerin \u00f6ncelikleri aras\u0131nda y\u00fckselmesiyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sertifika programlar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca haz\u0131rlanan reklamlarda dezenfektanl\u0131 otel giri\u015fleri, az say\u0131da ki\u015fi bulunmas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilen alanlar g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpt\u0131. T.C. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanan ve pek \u00e7ok dilde yay\u0131nlanan reklamlarda ferah, rahat bir tatil izlenimi verilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 fark edilmekte. Haz\u0131rlanan reklamlarda ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131labilecek tatil t\u00fcrleri de g\u00f6sterilmekteydi. Yaz tatilinden ziyade di\u011fer mevsimlerde de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131labilecek etkinlikler reklamlarda g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n

T.C. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re 2020 Ocak ve Ekim aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 13 652 641 oldu.\u00a0 Bu sene en fazla harcamay\u0131 3 milyon dolar ile Almanya\u2019dan gelen ziyaret\u00e7iler yapt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2020\u2019de turizmdeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme oran\u0131 ise 1\/3 oldu.<\/p>\n

\u015eirket \u00f6zelinde bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise pandemi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla batan veya y\u00fcksek derecede zarar eden bir\u00e7ok turizm firmas\u0131 bulunmakta. Norwegian Cruise Line adl\u0131 \u015firket 2 milyara yak\u0131n zarar etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Atlas Global 14 \u015eubat 2020\u2019de \u2018Atlasjet Havayollar\u0131, operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcremedi\u011finden iflas ba\u015fvurusunda bulunmu\u015f olup u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur.\u2019 ifadelerini Twitter\u2019dan yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Advantage Rent A Car, Avianca, Aeromexico gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 (en az 500 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana sahip \u015firket) \u015firketler bu sene iflaslar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Apex Parks Group isimli e\u011flence \u015firketinin ise 12 tane lunapark\u0131n\u0131 ve aqua park\u0131n\u0131 kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmekte. Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nan tedbirlere kar\u015f\u0131n turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc zor durumda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor.<\/p>\n

2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fok, yaln\u0131zca tur operat\u00f6rleri ve otelleri de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda havayolu \u015firketleri, restoranlar, ula\u015f\u0131m firmalar\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaf gibi turizme dolayl\u0131 yoldan ba\u011fl\u0131 olan binlerce akt\u00f6r\u00fc de olumsuz etkiledi. D\u00fcnya genelinde bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 aylarca kapal\u0131 tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 seyahat eden turist say\u0131s\u0131nda tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ya\u015fand\u0131. D\u00fcnya Turizm \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn (UNWTO) verilerine g\u00f6re 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel turist say\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la k\u0131yasla %74 azalarak 400 milyon ki\u015fi seviyesine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.1 milyar turistin seyahatten vazge\u00e7mesi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

Turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki<\/a> bu daralma, k\u00fcresel istihdamda da ciddi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu. D\u00fcnya genelinde turizm do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 330 milyon ki\u015fiye i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca bu i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k %20\u2019si ge\u00e7ici ya da kal\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde i\u015fini kaybetti. En \u00e7ok etkilenenler ise mevsimlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, rehberler, serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131lar ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletme sahipleri oldu. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki y\u00fcksek temsili dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, salg\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal cinsiyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da derinle\u015fen etkiler yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Ancak baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler bu s\u00fcreci f\u0131rsata \u00e7evirmek ad\u0131na yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar geli\u015ftirdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, dijital g\u00f6\u00e7ebe (digital nomad) vizeleri \u00e7\u0131kartan \u00fclkeler, uzun s\u00fcreli konaklamalar\u0131 te\u015fvik ederek turizmin alternatif bi\u00e7imlerine y\u00f6neldi. Barbados, Estonya ve G\u00fcrcistan gibi \u00fclkeler uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 hedef alarak ekonomiye katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da benzer bir e\u011filim s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. \u00d6zellikle Ege ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde uzun d\u00f6nem konaklamaya uygun altyap\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, dijital g\u00f6\u00e7ebe dostu politikalara zemin haz\u0131rlayabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan pandemi s\u00fcreci, turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde dijitalle\u015fmenin h\u0131zla benimsenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Sanal m\u00fcze gezileri, art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7eklikle entegre turizm deneyimleri ve dijital rezervasyon sistemlerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn gelece\u011finde dijital ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6nemini ortaya koydu. Temass\u0131z check-in sistemleri, QR men\u00fcler ve mobil uygulama \u00fczerinden hizmet sunumu gibi teknolojiler kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

2021 ve sonras\u0131nda toparlanman\u0131n yava\u015f fakat istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde devam etmesi bekleniyor. A\u015f\u0131lanma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, seyahat yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n gev\u015fetilmesi ve uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirliklerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bu toparlanman\u0131n anahtar\u0131 olacak. T\u00fcrkiye gibi turizme b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ise yerli turistin te\u015fviki, sezonun d\u00f6rt mevsime yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve i\u00e7 turizm kampanyalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz ediyor. Bununla birlikte s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir turizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da gelecekte daha fazla g\u00fcndeme gelecek; \u00e7evreye duyarl\u0131, yerel halk\u0131 g\u00f6zeten ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 koruyan yakla\u015f\u0131mlar turizm politikalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezine yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flayacak. Pandemi, turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc ciddi \u015fekilde sarsm\u0131\u015f olsa da ayn\u0131 zamanda daha diren\u00e7li, esnek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir yap\u0131ya evrilme s\u00fcrecini de beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pandemi ve turizm birbirini nas\u0131l etkiledi? Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131nda her \u015feyi etkiledi\u011fi gibi tatile gitmelerinin de \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerden biri oldu. \u0130nsanlar salg\u0131n\u0131n hayatlar\u0131nda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bunal\u0131mdan kurtularak keyifli bir tatil yapmak isteseler de vir\u00fcs\u00fcn s\u0131\u00e7rama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle 2020\u2019de tatile gitmeye tedirgin yakla\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc derinden etkileyebilecek olmas\u0131 devletleri bir dizi \u00f6nlem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[190,535,199,193],"class_list":{"0":"post-4046","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kuresel-trendler","8":"tag-covid","9":"tag-pandemi","10":"tag-turizm","11":"tag-turk-hava-yollari"},"better_featured_image":{"id":4047,"alt_text":"Covid ve Turizm 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