Giffen paradoksu: Negatif ikame etkisi, pozitif gelir etkisinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan mallara, 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan \u0130ngiliz iktisat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Robert Giffen \u2018e atfen Giffen mal\u0131 denir. Bu tan\u0131mdan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, bir mal\u0131n Giffen mal\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in, o mal\u0131n hem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck mal olmas\u0131 ( pozitif gelir etkisi ) hem de pozitif gelir etkisinin negatif ikame etkisinden b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, Giffen mal\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck mal\u0131 i\u00e7ermesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck mal Giffen mal\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermez.<\/p>\n
Talep kanununu<\/a> ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lan pozitif e\u011fimli bir talep e\u011frisine sahip olan Giffen mal\u0131na<\/a> ili\u015fkin \u00f6rnek vermek pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u0130ktisat d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Giffen mal\u0131 i\u00e7in bug\u00fcne kadar verilebilen tek \u00f6rnek, 1845 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130rlanda\u2019da patates \u00fcretiminde ya\u015fanan azalma sonucu patates fiyatlar\u0131 artarken, t\u00fcketicilerin talep ettikleri patates miktar\u0131n\u0131n da artm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Giffen taraf\u0131ndan saptanan ve Giffen paradoksu diye an\u0131lan bu tarihsel \u00f6rnekte patates, Giffen mal\u0131d\u0131r. Patatesin bu y\u0131lda \u0130rlanda\u2019da Giffen mal olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, 1840’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u0130rlandal\u0131 t\u00fcketicilerin \u00e7ok fakir olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Beslenme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 minimum d\u00fczeyde tutmak i\u00e7in elde ettikleri gelirlerin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ile patates sat\u0131n almak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Zira gelirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ile patates sat\u0131n alan \u0130rlandal\u0131 t\u00fcketiciler, patates fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gelirin daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fka mallar sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in harcanan k\u0131sm\u0131 ile de patates sat\u0131n alarak minimum beslenme d\u00fczeyini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu tarihsel \u00f6rnekten de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, bir mal\u0131n Giffen mal\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in, o mal\u0131n t\u00fcketici b\u00fct\u00e7esindeki pay\u0131n\u0131n ( o mal i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan harcaman\u0131n gelirdeki pay\u0131n\u0131n ) \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 gerekir. Asl\u0131nda Giffen mal\u0131na ait iktisat d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda herhangi ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnek olmamas\u0131 da bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle Giffen mal\u0131n\u0131, negatif e\u011fimli bireysel talep e\u011frisinin teorik y\u00fczeydeki bir istisnas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lamak gerekir. Kald\u0131 ki bir mal\u0131n bir t\u00fcketici veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grup t\u00fcketici i\u00e7in Giffen mal\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n, piyasa talebi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6nemi yoktur. Zira bir X mal\u0131n\u0131n piyasa talebi, X mal\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n alan n say\u0131da t\u00fcketicinin bireysel taleplerinden olu\u015fur ve X mal\u0131n\u0131n bir t\u00fcketici veya az say\u0131daki t\u00fcketici i\u00e7in Giffen mal\u0131 olmas\u0131, piyasa talep e\u011frisinin pozitif e\u011fimli olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Giffen paradoksu: Negatif ikame etkisi, pozitif gelir etkisinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan mallara, 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan \u0130ngiliz iktisat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Robert Giffen \u2018e atfen Giffen mal\u0131 denir. Bu tan\u0131mdan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, bir mal\u0131n Giffen mal\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in, o mal\u0131n hem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck mal olmas\u0131 ( pozitif gelir etkisi ) hem de pozitif gelir etkisinin negatif ikame etkisinden b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":4433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[310,311,287,309],"class_list":{"0":"post-4432","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-genel","8":"tag-giffen-mali","9":"tag-giffen-paradoksu","10":"tag-iktisat-sozlugu","11":"tag-robert-giffen"},"better_featured_image":{"id":4433,"alt_text":"Giffen Paradoksu","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":800,"height":1131,"file":"2023\/04\/Giffen-Mali.png","filesize":47513,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"Giffen-Mali-212x300.png","width":212,"height":300,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":11252,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Giffen-Mali-212x300.png"},"large":{"file":"Giffen-Mali-724x1024.png","width":724,"height":1024,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":56142,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Giffen-Mali-724x1024.png"},"thumbnail":{"file":"Giffen-Mali-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":4876,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Giffen-Mali-150x150.png"},"medium_large":{"file":"Giffen-Mali-768x1086.png","width":768,"height":1086,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":59752,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Giffen-Mali-768x1086.png"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"Giffen-Mali-150x212.png","width":150,"height":212,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":7306,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Giffen-Mali-150x212.png"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"Giffen-Mali-450x636.png","width":450,"height":636,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":30171,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Giffen-Mali-450x636.png"},"bunyad-768":{"file":"Giffen-Mali-768x1086.png","width":768,"height":1086,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":59752,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Giffen-Mali-768x1086.png"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":4432,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Giffen-Mali.png"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4432"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5200,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432\/revisions\/5200"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}