{"id":4449,"date":"2023-04-29T07:04:39","date_gmt":"2023-04-29T04:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=4449"},"modified":"2025-07-20T17:36:53","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T14:36:53","slug":"gini-katsayisi-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/gini-katsayisi-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Gini Katsay\u0131s\u0131 Nedir"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Gini Katsay\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Lorenz e\u011frisi ile bir \u00fclkedeki gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitsizli\u011fini de\u011ferlenmek istedi\u011fimizde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bu de\u011ferlendirmeyi yapman\u0131n bir ba\u015fka yolu daha \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu yol \u0130talyan istatistik\u00e7i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Corrado-Gini\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Corrado Gini<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen y\u00f6ntemi izlemektir. Lorenz e\u011frisi ile diyagonal aras\u0131nda kalan alan ile Lorenz e\u011frisinin alt\u0131nda kalan alan\u0131n toplam\u0131na oran\u0131na Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 denir. Bu durumu bir grafik \u00fczerinde ifade etmek gerekirse, Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 X alan\u0131 ile X ve Y alanlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki orandan ibarettir: .<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4450\" src=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi.jpg\" alt=\"Gini Katsay\u0131s\u0131 Grafikler\" width=\"723\" height=\"462\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi.jpg 723w, https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-150x96.jpg 150w, https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-450x288.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Gini katsay\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferinin s\u0131f\u0131r olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00fclkede gelirin tam e\u015fit \u015fekilde b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi gerekir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir \u00fclkede gelirden en fakir y\u00fczde yirmi ve onu izleyen ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczde yirmilik gruplar gelirden s\u0131f\u0131r pay alm\u0131\u015flarsa yani gelirin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc en zengin y\u00fczde yirmilik grup ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015fse Lorenz e\u011frisi diyagonalin sa\u011f k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ( 0CD ) ibaret olur. B\u00f6yle bir durumda Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 bir olur ve Y alan\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n G = 0 ve G = 1 oldu\u011fu \u00f6zel durumlar birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri artt\u0131k\u00e7a gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fin de artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fi Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 ile beraber kolayca de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakla beraber, Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131na dayal\u0131 zamanlar aras\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/statik-bir-safsata-uzerine-friedman-tanstaalf\/\">e\u015fitsizlik analizlerinde<\/a> ihtiyatl\u0131 gerekir. Bu hususu daha kolay a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in A \u00fclkesinde 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda ve 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla 0.45 ve 0.40 oldu\u011funu kabul edelim. Bu rakamlar yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilirse, A \u00fclkesinde 2005 y\u0131l\u0131na k\u0131yasla 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha e\u015fit hale geldi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4451\" src=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lorenz-Egrisi-ve-Gini-Katsayisi.jpg\" alt=\"Lorenz E\u011frisi Grafi\u011fi\" width=\"519\" height=\"472\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lorenz-Egrisi-ve-Gini-Katsayisi.jpg 519w, https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lorenz-Egrisi-ve-Gini-Katsayisi-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lorenz-Egrisi-ve-Gini-Katsayisi-150x136.jpg 150w, https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lorenz-Egrisi-ve-Gini-Katsayisi-450x409.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ancak b\u00f6yle bir de\u011ferlendirme n\u00fcfusun en fakir y\u00fczde yirmilik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi do\u011fru olmayabilir. A \u00fclkesi i\u00e7in 2005 y\u0131l\u0131na ve 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na ili\u015fkin iki Lorenz e\u011frisinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 Lorenz e\u011frisi 2005 y\u0131l\u0131 Lorenz e\u011frisine k\u0131yasla diyagonala daha yak\u0131n olmakla birlikte, n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde yirmisinin gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 genelde iyile\u015fmekle beraber, n\u00fcfusun en fakir k\u0131sm\u0131 daha fakir hale gelmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda A \u00fclkesinde gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011finin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek pek anlaml\u0131 olmaz.<\/p>\n<p>Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar de\u011ferlendirilirken, bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131na dayal\u0131 \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 k\u0131yaslamalar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu unutmamak gerekir. A ve B \u00fclkelerinde 205 ve 2010 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla 0.45 &#8211; 0.40 ve 0.40 &#8211; 0.45 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun en fakir y\u00fczde yirmisinin gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay B \u00fclkesinde ayn\u0131 kal\u0131rken A \u00fclkesinde azalm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda B \u00fclkesine k\u0131yasla A \u00fclkesinde gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda genelde bir d\u00fczelmenin olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, n\u00fcfusun en fakir y\u00fczde yirmisi B \u00fclkesine k\u0131yasla A \u00fclkesinde daha fakir hale gelmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda B \u00fclkesine k\u0131yasla A \u00fclkesinde 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011finin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yine pek anlaml\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirme de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gini Katsay\u0131s\u0131: Lorenz e\u011frisi ile bir \u00fclkedeki gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitsizli\u011fini de\u011ferlenmek istedi\u011fimizde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bu de\u011ferlendirmeyi yapman\u0131n bir ba\u015fka yolu daha \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu yol \u0130talyan istatistik\u00e7i Corrado Gini taraf\u0131ndan 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen y\u00f6ntemi izlemektir. Lorenz e\u011frisi ile diyagonal aras\u0131nda kalan alan ile Lorenz e\u011frisinin alt\u0131nda kalan alan\u0131n toplam\u0131na oran\u0131na Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 denir. Bu durumu bir grafik<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":4450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,47],"tags":[319,320,317,287,318],"class_list":{"0":"post-4449","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-makro-ekonomik-analizler","9":"tag-carrado-gini","10":"tag-esitsizlik","11":"tag-gini-katsayisi","12":"tag-iktisat-sozlugu","13":"tag-lorenz-egrisi"},"better_featured_image":{"id":4450,"alt_text":"Gini Katsay\u0131s\u0131 Grafikler","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":723,"height":462,"file":"2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi.jpg","filesize":33706,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-300x192.jpg","width":300,"height":192,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":5410,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-300x192.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":3067,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-150x150.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-150x96.jpg","width":150,"height":96,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":1952,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-150x96.jpg"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-450x288.jpg","width":450,"height":288,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":9899,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi-450x288.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":4449,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gini-Katsayisi-Grafigi.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4449"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5194,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4449\/revisions\/5194"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}