{"id":4470,"date":"2023-04-30T15:04:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-30T12:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=4470"},"modified":"2025-07-20T17:32:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T14:32:09","slug":"harcama-carpani-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/harcama-carpani-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Harcama \u00c7arpan\u0131 Nedir"},"content":{"rendered":"

Harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131:<\/strong> Basit Keynesyen modelde otonom harcama A(0) art\u0131nca ( azal\u0131nca ), toplam planlanan harcama ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da mal piyasas\u0131nda dengeyi sa\u011flayan reel GDP<\/a> artar ( azal\u0131r ). Otonom harcamadaki de\u011fi\u015fmenin denge reel GDP d\u00fczeyinde yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fme, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki denklem otonom harcamadaki de\u011fi\u015fme itibari ile ifade edilmek \u00fczere g\u00f6sterilebilir;<\/p>\n

\"Harcama<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan otonom harcama;<\/p>\n

\"Otonom<\/p>\n

Oldu\u011fundan, otonom t\u00fcketim<\/a> C(0), otonom yat\u0131r\u0131m I(0), h\u00fck\u00fcmet al\u0131mlar\u0131 G(0 ), transfer \u00f6demeleri TR(0) ve otonom vergiler T(0) de\u011fi\u015fince, otonom harcama da de\u011fi\u015fir. Yani ikinci denklem, otonom harcamay\u0131 olu\u015fturan bu unsurlardan her birindeki de\u011fi\u015fme itibariyle ifade edilebilir. Bu ba\u011flamda basit Keynesyen modelde otonom harcamadaki de\u011fi\u015fmenin denge reel GDP d\u00fczeyi \u00fczerindeki etkisi, \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Keynesyen modelde her \u015feyden \u00f6nce otonom t\u00fcketimdeki, otonom yat\u0131r\u0131mdaki ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet al\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fmenin denge reel GDP d\u00fczeyi \u00fczerindeki etkisi \u00fczerinde durulur:<\/p>\n

\"Otonom<\/p>\n

Keynesyen modelde otonom t\u00fcketim, otonom yat\u0131r\u0131m<\/a>, h\u00fck\u00fcmet al\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fme sonucu denge reel GDP d\u00fczeyinde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fme ile otonom t\u00fcketim, otonom yat\u0131r\u0131m, h\u00fck\u00fcmet al\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fme aras\u0131ndaki orana \u2018harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131\u2019<\/em><\/strong> veya \u2018harcama \u00e7o\u011faltan\u0131\u2019<\/em><\/strong> denir.<\/p>\n

\"Harcama<\/p>\n

Harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131, otonom t\u00fcketimde, otonom yat\u0131r\u0131mda, h\u00fck\u00fcmet al\u0131mlar\u0131nda bir liral\u0131k bir de\u011fi\u015fme oldu\u011funda, denge reel GDP d\u00fczeyinde ka\u00e7 liral\u0131k bir de\u011fi\u015fme olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. \u00d6rne\u011fin harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 K(g)= 2 olmas\u0131, otonom t\u00fcketim, otonom yat\u0131r\u0131m, h\u00fck\u00fcmet al\u0131mlar\u0131 bir lira art\u0131nca, denge reel GDP d\u00fczeyinin 2 lira artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131 denklemindeki c marjinal t\u00fcketim e\u011filimi ve t marjinal vergi haddi katsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferleri s\u0131f\u0131rdan b\u00fcy\u00fck ve birden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan, \u00e7arpan\u0131n de\u011feri birden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce c katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Marjinal t\u00fcketim e\u011filimi ne kadar y\u00fcksek ise ( ki\u015filer reel harcanabilir gelirdeki bir liral\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketim amac\u0131yla, ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tasarruf amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131rlarsa ), harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri o kadar y\u00fcksek olur. \u00d6rne\u011fin c = 0.5 ve t = 0.10 iken harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri 1.8 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 c = 0.7 iken harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri 2.7\u2019dir. Harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferini belirleyen ikinci unsur, t katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feridir. t marjinal vergi hadi ne kadar y\u00fcksek ise ( reel GDP\u2019deki her bir liral\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ki\u015filerin eline de\u011fil de h\u00fck\u00fcmetin eline ge\u00e7iyorsa ), harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri o kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, c = 0.5 ve t = 0.10 iken \u00e7arpan\u0131n de\u011feri 1.8 iken t = 0.20 iken \u00e7arpan\u0131n de\u011feri 1.6\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Harcama \u00e7arpan\u0131: Basit Keynesyen modelde otonom harcama A(0) art\u0131nca ( azal\u0131nca ), toplam planlanan harcama ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da mal piyasas\u0131nda dengeyi sa\u011flayan reel GDP artar ( azal\u0131r ). Otonom harcamadaki de\u011fi\u015fmenin denge reel GDP d\u00fczeyinde yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fme, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki denklem otonom harcamadaki de\u011fi\u015fme itibari ile ifade edilmek \u00fczere g\u00f6sterilebilir; Di\u011fer taraftan otonom harcama;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":4477,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,47],"tags":[249,287,335,334],"class_list":{"0":"post-4470","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-makro-ekonomik-analizler","9":"tag-gayri-safi-yurtici-hasila","10":"tag-iktisat-sozlugu","11":"tag-keynes","12":"tag-keynesyen-iktisat"},"better_featured_image":{"id":4477,"alt_text":"Keynes Harcama \u00c7arpan\u0131 Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":772,"height":575,"file":"2023\/04\/Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi.jpg","filesize":66973,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-300x223.jpg","width":300,"height":223,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":10114,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-300x223.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":4828,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-768x572.jpg","width":768,"height":572,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":37152,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-768x572.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-150x112.jpg","width":150,"height":112,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":3470,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-150x112.jpg"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-450x335.jpg","width":450,"height":335,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":17740,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-450x335.jpg"},"bunyad-768":{"file":"Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-768x572.jpg","width":768,"height":572,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":37152,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi-768x572.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":4470,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Keynes-Harcama-Carpani-Grafigi.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4470"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5190,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4470\/revisions\/5190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}