{"id":4506,"date":"2023-05-02T18:52:01","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T15:52:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=4506"},"modified":"2025-07-20T17:27:03","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T14:27:03","slug":"icsel-buyume-teorisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/icsel-buyume-teorisi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u00e7sel B\u00fcy\u00fcme Teorisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130\u00e7sel b\u00fcy\u00fcme teorisi<\/strong>: Solow modeli sermaye birikiminin b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00fczerindeki tesirini minimum olarak kabul eder ve bunu tasarruf seviyesinin \u2013 sermaye birikiminin b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde etkiledi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek yapar. Ancak Solow modeli<\/a> ayn\u0131 zamanda teknoloji alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerin b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00fczerindeki tesirini maksimum kabul eder \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc teknolojik alanda ya\u015fanan ilerlemeler ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi olumlu y\u00f6nde etkileyecektir. Ancak Solow modelinde teknoloji alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler d\u0131\u015fsal ( nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 modelde a\u00e7\u0131klanmayan ) bir olgu oldu\u011fundan, Solow modeli iktisadi b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin nas\u0131l meydana geldi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayamamaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fcmenin nas\u0131l meydana geldi\u011fini ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi etkileyen politikalar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamak y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir eksikli\u011fi olan Solow modeli bu eksikliklerin giderilece\u011fi yeni bir teorinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 Amerikal\u0131 iktisat\u00e7\u0131 Paul Romer ve yeni klasik okulun kurucusu Robert Lucas\u2019\u0131n 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bu alternatif yakla\u015f\u0131ma, i\u00e7sel b\u00fcy\u00fcme teorisi<\/em> denir.<\/p>\n

Solow modelinde sermayenin bina-makine ve te\u00e7hizattan veya k\u0131saca fiziksel sermayeden ibaret oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, yeni b\u00fcy\u00fcme teorisi <\/em>diye de nitelendirilen i\u00e7sel b\u00fcy\u00fcme teorisinde, sermayenin hem fiziksel sermayeyi hem emek girdisinin sahi oldu\u011fu bilgi, tecr\u00fcbe ve becerilerden olu\u015fan sermayeyi \u2013 emek girdisinde var olan sermayeyi veya k\u0131saca be\u015feri sermayeyi kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilir. Bilgiyi ve be\u015feri sermayeyi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karan i\u00e7sel b\u00fcy\u00fcme teorisi, Ak modeli diye bilinen basit bir model \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6rneklendirilebilir. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00fcretim fonksiyonunun be\u015feri sermayeyi de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m,<\/p>\n

\"Solow<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca i\u015f\u00e7ilerin daha fazla sermaye ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bilgi ve becerilerini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da be\u015feri sermayenin i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na sermaye ile ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini kabul edelim,<\/p>\n

\"Solow<\/p>\n

Bu \u00fcretim fonksiyonundaki A sabit terimi, bir birim sermaye ile \u00fcretilen \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir, A=Y\/K.<\/p>\n

Bu denklemdeki A teriminin de\u011ferinin sabit olmas\u0131, her ilave birimin sermayenin ayn\u0131 miktarda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 \u00fcretmesi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da azalan verimler kanununun ge\u00e7ersiz olmas\u0131 demektir. Bu husus AK tipi i\u00e7sel b\u00fcy\u00fcme modeli ile Solow modeli aras\u0131ndaki temel farkt\u0131r. Bu temel fark\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yatan husus, fiziksel sermayenin sadece \u00fcretime yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir ara\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, fiziksel sermayenin ayn\u0131 zamanda be\u015feri sermaye \u00fczerinde olumlu bir yan etkisinin oldu\u011fu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da fiziksel sermaye art\u0131nca asl\u0131nda be\u015feri sermayenin de art\u0131yor olmas\u0131d\u0131r: Tek bir girdinin ( fiziksel sermayenin ) artmas\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda iki girdinin ( fiziksel sermayenin ve be\u015feri sermaye ) artmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmesi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da fiziksel sermaye art\u0131nca azalan verimler kanununun i\u015flememesi demektir.<\/p>\n

Solow modelinde oldu\u011fu gibi AK modelinde de ki\u015filer gelirlerinin s kadarl\u0131k bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tasarruf ettiklerinden ve geri kalan ( 1-s ) kadarl\u0131k bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de t\u00fcketim amac\u0131yla kulland\u0131klar\u0131ndan, C= (1-s)Y, i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na t\u00fcketim fonksiyonu Solow modelindekinden<\/a> farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir:<\/p>\n

\"\u0130\u00e7sel<\/p>\n

Bu husus hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yaz\u0131labilir;<\/p>\n

\"\u0130\u015f\u00e7i<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da teknolojinin sabit oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131 alt\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na sermaye stokunda meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fme a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yaz\u0131labilir;<\/p>\n

\"\u0130\u00e7sel<\/p>\n

Bu denkleme g\u00f6re ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 \u0394y\/y veya k\u0131saca b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 sA ve (d + n) terimleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer sA > ( d + n ) ise, yat\u0131r\u0131m gerekli yat\u0131r\u0131mdan b\u00fcy\u00fck olacak ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na sermaye ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak artacakt\u0131r. Yani bir ekonomide sA > ( d +\u00a0 n )ise, ekonomi (teknolojik ilerleme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n) s\u00fcrekli olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130\u00e7sel b\u00fcy\u00fcme teorisi: Solow modeli sermaye birikiminin b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00fczerindeki tesirini minimum olarak kabul eder ve bunu tasarruf seviyesinin \u2013 sermaye birikiminin b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde etkiledi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek yapar. Ancak Solow modeli ayn\u0131 zamanda teknoloji alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerin b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00fczerindeki tesirini maksimum kabul eder \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc teknolojik alanda ya\u015fanan ilerlemeler ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi olumlu y\u00f6nde etkileyecektir. Ancak Solow<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4513,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,47],"tags":[393,392,287,394,391],"class_list":{"0":"post-4506","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-makro-ekonomik-analizler","9":"tag-dissal-buyume","10":"tag-icsel-buyume","11":"tag-iktisat-sozlugu","12":"tag-paul-romer","13":"tag-solow-modeli"},"better_featured_image":{"id":4513,"alt_text":"\u0130\u00e7sel B\u00fcy\u00fcme Teorisi","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":373,"height":376,"file":"2023\/05\/Solow-Buyume-Modeli.png","filesize":23910,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"Solow-Buyume-Modeli-298x300.png","width":298,"height":300,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":28629,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Solow-Buyume-Modeli-298x300.png"},"thumbnail":{"file":"Solow-Buyume-Modeli-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":9998,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Solow-Buyume-Modeli-150x150.png"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"Solow-Buyume-Modeli-150x151.png","width":150,"height":151,"mime-type":"image\/png","filesize":9968,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Solow-Buyume-Modeli-150x151.png"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":4506,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Solow-Buyume-Modeli.png"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4506"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5395,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4506\/revisions\/5395"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}