{"id":4748,"date":"2023-08-28T09:40:27","date_gmt":"2023-08-28T06:40:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=4748"},"modified":"2025-08-20T13:24:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T10:24:05","slug":"turkiyede-bankalar-nasil-doviz-basar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/turkiyede-bankalar-nasil-doviz-basar\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye’de Bankalar Nas\u0131l D\u00f6viz Basar?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye’de Bankalar’da d\u00f6viz \u00fcretebilir, d\u00f6viz basma i\u015flemini sadece ABD bankalar\u0131 yapmaz. Bizim bankalar\u0131m\u0131z da d\u00f6viz basar<\/a>. Bu d\u00f6viz i\u00e7eride i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bununla ithalat yap\u0131lmaz. Bankalar\u0131n bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vizle KKM’de benzer \u00f6zellikteler. KKM’de i\u00e7eride i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcr ama yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na KKM g\u00f6nderip ithalat yapamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bu nas\u0131l d\u00f6viz b\u00f6yle? \u0130thalat yap\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, bu d\u00f6vizi kim neden als\u0131n? Bu d\u00f6viz kur artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kazanman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u0130\u00e7eride de d\u00f6vizden beklenen budur.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7eride, d\u00f6viz bir taraf\u0131n d\u00f6viz a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyona ge\u00e7mesiyle bas\u0131l\u0131r. KKM’de a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyona ge\u00e7en taraf devlet. Kur art\u0131nca, KKM sahibinin kur art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kazanc\u0131 devlet taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor. KKM’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 anlamayan kalmad\u0131 ama ayn\u0131 \u015feyi d\u00f6viz kredisi vererek bankalar d\u00f6viz basarken s\u00f6yleyemiyoruz.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6viz kredisinde de KKM’deki mekanizma \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. D\u00f6viz kredisi \u00e7eken taraf a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyona d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Banka d\u00f6viz kredisi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131 ihra\u00e7 ediyor. D\u00f6viz kredisini \u00e7eken d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131n\u0131 harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00f6viz arz\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. D\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131, onu talep eden taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131r. Kur artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131 sahibinin kur kazanc\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6viz kredisi \u00e7eken \u00f6demi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz bas\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6viz pozisyonlanmas\u0131ndan ibaret. Bir taraf a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyona ge\u00e7ince, d\u00f6viz arz edilir. Bu d\u00f6vizle ithalat yap\u0131lamaz. Ama pratikte ithalat yap\u0131labilen, yap\u0131lamayan d\u00f6viz diye bir \u015fey yok. KKM ile ithalat yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nday\u0131z. Ama bankadaki d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u015fey ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil. Bunun nedeni, d\u00f6vizler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015fkenlik olmas\u0131. Banka, d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6ndermek istedi\u011finizde, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli d\u00f6viz g\u00f6nderir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bankalar bast\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6viz kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6viz likiditesi bulundurur. D\u00f6viz likiditesi, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli d\u00f6viz demek. D\u00f6viz likiditesine rezerv de denir.<\/p>\n

Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminden y\u00fckl\u00fc d\u00f6viz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, likidite i\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz bas\u0131lmas\u0131na mani de\u011fil. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bankac\u0131l\u0131k kapal\u0131 sistem. Likit d\u00f6viz bir bankadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ysa, ba\u015fka bir bankaya gitmi\u015ftir. Eksi\u011fi olan banka g\u00fcn sonunda fazlas\u0131 olan bankadan likit d\u00f6vizi bor\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Likit d\u00f6viz temelde, nakit ve bankalar\u0131n yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 muhabirlerindeki d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131d\u0131r. KKM’yi nakit d\u00f6viz olarak \u00e7ekemedi\u011finiz i\u00e7in, KKM likit d\u00f6viz ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011furmaz. Benzer bir uygulamaya, yurti\u00e7inde bas\u0131lan d\u00f6vizler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7ilerek, bu d\u00f6vizlerin likidite ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilebilir. Banka, d\u00f6viz kredisini TL \u00f6der, TL tahsil eder. B\u00f6yle olursa, ki\u015fi d\u00f6viz kredisini bankadan d\u00f6viz olarak \u00e7ekemez. Banka da d\u00f6viz kredisi verince, d\u00f6viz likiditesi y\u00f6netimi yapmak zorunda kalmaz. Likidite k\u0131s\u0131t\u0131 da ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, matbaay\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Bankalar ne kadar d\u00f6viz kredisi verirse,<\/a> d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131 o kadar artar. \u0130\u00e7erideki d\u00f6viz talebi yine i\u00e7eride kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olur. Yerle\u015fiklerin d\u00f6viz talebi d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 olu\u015fturmaz.<\/p>\n

Yerle\u015fiklerin d\u00f6viz talebi i\u00e7eride kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 KKM ile \u00f6\u011frendik. KKM ile devlet, d\u00f6viz talebini i\u00e7eride kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131nca, d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131 sakinledi. Ayn\u0131 mekanizma d\u00f6viz kredilerinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131larak da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Eskiden b\u00f6yleydi de. 2018 \u00f6ncesi, firmalar d\u00f6viz kredisi \u00e7ektik\u00e7e i\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz arz\u0131 artard\u0131. \u0130\u00e7eriden d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131na bask\u0131 ya\u015fanmazd\u0131. 2018’de d\u00f6viz geliri olmayan firmalar\u0131n d\u00f6viz kredisi \u00e7ekmeleri yasakland\u0131. Bundan sonra, d\u00f6viz kredileri azald\u0131k\u00e7a azald\u0131. D\u00f6viz talebi de artt\u0131k\u00e7a artt\u0131. Sonunda firmalar\u0131n yerini devlet ald\u0131. Firmalar yerine devlet a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyona ge\u00e7ti. D\u00f6viz talebi kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Kur \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 hafifledi.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn KKM’nin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndemde. KKM’nin yerini k\u0131sa vadede TL mevduat alamaz. Ki\u015filerin yat\u0131r\u0131m tercihlerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi zaman al\u0131r. K\u0131sa vadede KKM azalacaksa, yerini ancak eskisi gibi d\u00f6viz kredileri doldurabilir. D\u00f6viz kredilerinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131. D\u00f6viz geliri olan firmalar\u0131n d\u00f6viz kredisi \u00e7ekmeleri te\u015fvik edilmeli. D\u00f6viz geliri olmayan firmalar da belli limitler dahilinde d\u00f6viz kredisi \u00e7ekebilmeli. Bankalar\u0131n da d\u00f6viz kredisi vermeleri te\u015fvik edilmeli.<\/p>\n

KKM d\u00f6viz kredileri ile ikame edilmezse azalt\u0131lamaz. Azaltma giri\u015fimleri sonu\u00e7suz kal\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan denemelerde TL faizlerinin u\u00e7uk seviyelere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahade edilir. Bizim a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131zdan KKM bir problem de\u011fil. Ancak, yine de KKM d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz arz edebilen ara\u00e7lara ihtiya\u00e7 var. Gelinen noktada d\u00f6viz talebinin sadece KKM ile kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 kolay g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. KKM’nin her hal\u00fckarda d\u00f6viz kredileri ile desteklenmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6viz Kredileri, KKM ve \u0130\u00e7eride D\u00f6viz Yaratma Mekanizmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0130\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz yaratma kapasitesinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, hem d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131n\u0131n istikrar\u0131 hem de finansal sistemin likidite y\u00f6netimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan stratejik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminde d\u00f6viz, yurti\u00e7inde pozisyon a\u00e7ma<\/strong> mekanizmas\u0131yla \u00fcretilir. Banka d\u00f6viz kredisi verdi\u011finde, asl\u0131nda piyasaya d\u00f6viz likiditesi de\u011fil, d\u00f6viz cinsinden bir alacak<\/strong> yarat\u0131r. D\u00f6viz kredisi \u00e7eken taraf a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyona ge\u00e7erken, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada kritik unsur, bankalar\u0131n d\u00f6viz kredisi verdikleri anda d\u00f6viz likiditesi yaratma zorunluluklar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer sistemde d\u00f6viz \u00e7eki\u015fi yoksa, d\u00f6viz kredisi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretilen d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131 i\u00e7eride serbest\u00e7e el de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, i\u00e7eride yarat\u0131lan d\u00f6viz likiditesinin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kma zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmaz. Bu mekanizma do\u011fru y\u00f6netildi\u011finde, i\u00e7erideki d\u00f6viz talebi i\u00e7eriden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r ve kur \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 ciddi bi\u00e7imde hafifler.<\/p>\n

\n

KKM ile D\u00f6viz Kredileri Aras\u0131ndaki Temel Benzerlik<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kur Korumal\u0131 Mevduat (KKM), d\u00f6viz talebinin i\u00e7eride y\u00f6netilmesinde kritik bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. KKM\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki temel mant\u0131k, kur art\u0131\u015f\u0131 riskini devletin \u00fcstlenmesi<\/strong>ydi. D\u00f6viz kredilerinde ise a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyon riski kredi \u00e7eken tarafa aittir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki mekanizma aras\u0131ndaki temel benzerlik, d\u00f6viz arz\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eride yarat\u0131lmas\u0131nda yatar:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    KKM\u2019de d\u00f6viz talebi, kur fark\u0131n\u0131 devlet \u00fcstlenerek i\u00e7eride dengelenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    D\u00f6viz kredilerinde ise, d\u00f6viz talebi yine i\u00e7eride \u00fcretilen d\u00f6viz mevduat\u0131 \u00fczerinden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r ve kur fark\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6viz kredisi \u00e7eken taraf \u00f6der.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, KKM\u2019nin yerini k\u0131smen<\/strong> d\u00f6viz kredileri alabilir. Ancak bunun i\u00e7in d\u00f6viz kredilerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki yap\u0131sal ve reg\u00fclasyon kaynakl\u0131 engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

    \n

    2018 Sonras\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131lma Noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    2018\u2019de d\u00f6viz geliri olmayan firmalar\u0131n d\u00f6viz kredisi kullan\u0131m\u0131na getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, i\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz arz\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na neden oldu. Bu d\u00f6nemde:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      D\u00f6viz kredisi hacmi h\u0131zla geriledi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u0130\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz talebi ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Firmalar\u0131n yerini k\u0131smen devlet ald\u0131; a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyon riski kamuya kayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kur istikrar\u0131 ancak KKM gibi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ara\u00e7larla<\/strong> sa\u011flanabildi. Oysa d\u00f6viz kredileri \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar gev\u015fetilseydi, i\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz arz\u0131 artacak ve d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseli\u015f bask\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olabilecekti.<\/p>\n

      \n

      Politika \u00d6nerileri: D\u00f6viz Kredileri ile D\u00f6viz Talebini Y\u00f6netmek<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde KKM\u2019nin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefleniyorsa, bu s\u00fcrecin d\u00f6viz kredileri ile desteklenmesi zorunlu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Aksi takdirde, KKM\u2019den \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6viz talebi do\u011frudan d\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131na y\u00f6nelir ve kurlar \u00fczerinde sert bir bask\u0131 olu\u015fur. Bu kapsamda \u00fc\u00e7 temel politika ad\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        D\u00f6viz Kredilerinin Te\u015fviki<\/strong>
        D\u00f6viz geliri olan firmalar\u0131n d\u00f6viz kredisi kullan\u0131m\u0131nda te\u015fvikler sa\u011flanmal\u0131. Bu sayede i\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz arz\u0131 artar ve yerle\u015fiklerin d\u00f6viz talebi i\u00e7eriden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        D\u00f6viz Kredilerinde Esnek Kriterler<\/strong>
        D\u00f6viz geliri olmayan firmalara getirilen yasaklar, risk y\u00f6netimine uygun limitler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde gev\u015fetilmeli. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n finansman\u0131 i\u00e7in belirli bir e\u015fik seviyesinin alt\u0131nda d\u00f6viz kredisi kullan\u0131m\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        Likidite Y\u00f6netimi Modelinin De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/strong>
        Bankalar, d\u00f6viz kredisi verdiklerinde likidite y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden muaf tutulabilir. D\u00f6viz kredileri TL cinsinden tahsis edilip TL olarak geri \u00f6denirse, bankalar\u0131n likit d\u00f6viz bulundurma zorunlulu\u011fu ortadan kalkar. B\u00f6ylece i\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz yaratma kapasitesi artar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n

        Sonu\u00e7: KKM\u2019nin Yerine D\u00f6viz Kredileri<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        KKM, d\u00f6viz talebini i\u00e7eride y\u00f6netmekte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu ancak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131. KKM\u2019nin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefleniyorsa, d\u00f6viz kredileri ayn\u0131 i\u015flevi g\u00f6recek \u015fekilde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6viz kredilerinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda:<\/p>\n

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        • \n

          Yerle\u015fiklerin d\u00f6viz talebi i\u00e7eride kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          D\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 hafifler,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          D\u00f6viz rezervleri \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2018 \u00f6ncesi deneyimi, d\u00f6viz kredileri yoluyla i\u00e7eride d\u00f6viz arz\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fini ve kur istikrar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, KKM sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 y\u00f6netilebilmesi i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131m dostu, likidite bask\u0131s\u0131 yaratmayan, kontroll\u00fc bir d\u00f6viz kredisi stratejisi<\/strong> hayata ge\u00e7irilmelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          T\u00fcrkiye’de Bankalar’da d\u00f6viz \u00fcretebilir, d\u00f6viz basma i\u015flemini sadece ABD bankalar\u0131 yapmaz. Bizim bankalar\u0131m\u0131z da d\u00f6viz basar. Bu d\u00f6viz i\u00e7eride i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bununla ithalat yap\u0131lmaz. Bankalar\u0131n bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vizle KKM’de benzer \u00f6zellikteler. KKM’de i\u00e7eride i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcr ama yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na KKM g\u00f6nderip ithalat yapamazs\u0131n\u0131z. Bu nas\u0131l d\u00f6viz b\u00f6yle? \u0130thalat yap\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, bu d\u00f6vizi kim neden als\u0131n? Bu d\u00f6viz kur artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,47],"tags":[273,411,232],"class_list":{"0":"post-4748","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-makro-ekonomik-analizler","9":"tag-bankacilik-sistemi","10":"tag-doviz-rezervleri","11":"tag-turkiye-ekonomisi"},"better_featured_image":{"id":4750,"alt_text":"Bankalar Nas\u0131l Para \u00fcretir","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":1200,"height":907,"file":"2023\/08\/Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar.jpg","filesize":492335,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-300x227.jpg","width":300,"height":227,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":22643,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-300x227.jpg"},"large":{"file":"Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-1024x774.jpg","width":1024,"height":774,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":282146,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-1024x774.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":7479,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-768x580.jpg","width":768,"height":580,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":162470,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-768x580.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-150x113.jpg","width":150,"height":113,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":5878,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-150x113.jpg"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-450x340.jpg","width":450,"height":340,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":51938,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-450x340.jpg"},"bunyad-768":{"file":"Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-768x580.jpg","width":768,"height":580,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":162470,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar-768x580.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":4748,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Bankalar-Nasil-Doviz-Basar.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4748"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5584,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4748\/revisions\/5584"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}