{"id":4784,"date":"2023-09-25T17:31:38","date_gmt":"2023-09-25T14:31:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=4784"},"modified":"2025-08-20T13:16:45","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T10:16:45","slug":"laffer-egrisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/laffer-egrisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Laffer E\u011frisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Laffer e\u011frisi, gelir d\u00fczeyindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n vergi gelirleri \u00fczerindeki olumlu etkisinin, vergi haddindeki d\u00fc\u015fmenin vergisi geliri \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkisinden b\u00fcy\u00fck olabilece\u011fini varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vergi Geliri = Vergi Haddi x Gelir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vergi haddi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak gelir d\u00fczeyi art\u0131nca, vergi gelirinin artabilece\u011fi i\u00e7eren bu varsay\u0131m a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikte g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"Laffer<\/p>\n

Amerikal\u0131 iktisat\u00e7\u0131 Arthur Laffer\u2019e itifen Laffer e\u011frisi diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00f6rg\u00fc\u00e7 bi\u00e7imindeki e\u011fri, vergi gelirini vergi haddiyle ili\u015fkilendirmektedir. Laffer e\u011frisine g\u00f6re, vergi haddi ile vergi geliri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nce ayn\u0131 sonra ters y\u00f6nl\u00fc ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. Vergi haddi artt\u0131k\u00e7a vergi geliri \u00f6nce artar sonra azal\u0131r. Laffer e\u011frisinin yatay ekseni kesti\u011fi ilk nokta, vergi haddinin % 0 yani vergi gelirinin s\u0131f\u0131r oldu\u011fu durumu g\u00f6sterir.\u00a0 Laffer e\u011frisinin yatay ekseni kesti\u011fi di\u011fer nokta ise vergi haddinin % 100 oldu\u011fu ( elde edilen gelirin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn vergi olarak h\u00fck\u00fcmete \u00f6dendi\u011fi ) ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da ki\u015filerin hi\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak vergi gelirinin s\u0131f\u0131r oldu\u011fu bir ba\u015fka durumu temsil eder.<\/p>\n

Laffer e\u011frisinin yatay ekseni kesti\u011fi ilk noktadan ikinci noktaya giden yolda, vergi haddi y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e vergi gelirleri \u00f6nce y\u00fckselmekte daha sonra d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Maksimum noktas\u0131ndan sonra vergi haddi y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e vergi gelirinin d\u00fc\u015fmesinin nedeni, vergi haddindeki y\u00fckselmenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arzusu \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkisi sonucu gelir d\u00fczeyinde meydana gelen daralman\u0131n vergi geliri \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkisinin, vergi haddindeki y\u00fckselmenin olumlu etkisinden art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Arz y\u00f6nl\u00fc iktisat\u00e7\u0131lara g\u00f6re<\/a>, Laffer e\u011frisinin maksimum noktas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda kalan bir noktada bulunan bir ekonomide, vergi haddinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Keynesyen analizde<\/a> ieri s\u00fcr\u00fclenin aksine vergi gelirlerinin artmas\u0131na ve b\u00f6ylece ceteris paribus b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek hayatta Laffer e\u011frisine dayal\u0131 bir politika izlemek, asl\u0131nda kolay de\u011fildir. Bunun nedeni, vergi gelirini maksimum k\u0131lan vergi haddini ampirik olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6rmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Ekonominin Laffer e\u011frisinin sa\u011f alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda m\u0131 yoksa sol alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda m\u0131 oldu\u011funu ampirik olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6rmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen bu husus, maksimum noktas\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f tan\u0131mlayan bir arz y\u00f6nl\u00fc iktisat politikas\u0131n\u0131n maliyetinin a\u011f\u0131r olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Asl\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir durum arz y\u00f6nl\u00fc iktisat 1980\u2019lerde ABD\u2019de Ronald Reagan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Planlanan\u0131n tersine vergi gelirinin ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an s\u00f6z konusu uygulama, 1980\u2019lerde ABD\u2019de ekonomisinin maksimum noktan\u0131n sol alt\u0131nda yer alan bir noktada bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6nemli tecr\u00fcbe hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, vergi haddindeki d\u00fc\u015fmenin vergi ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 azaltaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun da vergi gelirlerinin artmas\u0131na ilave bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ileri s\u00fcren arz y\u00f6nl\u00fc iktisad\u0131 ihtiyatla kar\u015f\u0131lamak gerekir.<\/p>\n

1. Laffer E\u011frisinin Teorik Temeli<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Laffer e\u011frisi, vergi oranlar\u0131 ile vergi gelirleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin do\u011frusal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan bir teoridir. Temel mant\u0131k, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve \u00fcretim motivasyonunu azaltarak toplam geliri daraltaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, belirli bir noktadan sonra vergi gelirlerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n temel dayanaklar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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    \u0130kame Etkisi:<\/strong> Vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n getirilerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bireyler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yerine bo\u015f zaman\u0131 tercih edebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gelir Etkisi:<\/strong> Daha y\u00fcksek vergiler, gelir hedefini korumak i\u00e7in bireyleri daha \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlayabilir; ancak bu etki s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Vergi Ka\u00e7aklar\u0131:<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek vergi oranlar\u0131, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomiyi ve vergi ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yat\u0131r\u0131m Kararlar\u0131:<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek vergiler, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n risk alma e\u011filimini azalt\u0131r ve sermaye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu unsurlar birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131n optimum bir seviyede belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n

    2. Laffer E\u011frisinin Politika A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Laffer e\u011frisi, \u00f6zellikle arz y\u00f6nl\u00fc iktisat<\/strong> perspektifinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Arz y\u00f6nl\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131m, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi te\u015fvik ederek vergi gelirlerini art\u0131rabilece\u011fini savunur. Ancak bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, ekonominin hangi noktada bulundu\u011funa dair do\u011fru bir tespiti zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

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    • \n

      E\u011fer ekonomi maksimum vergi geliri noktas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda<\/strong> ise, vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi vergi gelirini art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      E\u011fer ekonomi maksimum noktan\u0131n solunda<\/strong> ise, vergi indirimleri do\u011frudan vergi gelirlerinde kayba yol a\u00e7ar ve b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Bu nedenle, Laffer e\u011frisi teoride cazip olsa da pratikte uygulanmas\u0131 dikkatli bir analiz gerektirir.<\/p>\n

      \n

      3. Ampirik Zorluklar<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Laffer e\u011frisinin uygulanabilirli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan en \u00f6nemli unsur, maksimum vergi gelirine ula\u015f\u0131lan optimum vergi oran\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> ampirik olarak tespit edilememesidir. Bunun nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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        Farkl\u0131 Vergi T\u00fcrleri:<\/strong> Gelir vergisi, kurumlar vergisi, t\u00fcketim vergisi gibi farkl\u0131 vergiler ekonomiyi farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde etkiler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Toplumsal Davran\u0131\u015flar:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bireylerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, t\u00fcketim ve yat\u0131r\u0131m al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Kay\u0131t D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Ekonomi:<\/strong> Vergi oranlar\u0131 ile vergi ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki do\u011frusal de\u011fildir; bu durum optimum noktay\u0131 belirlemeyi g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Makroekonomik \u015eoklar:<\/strong> Krizler, resesyonlar veya y\u00fcksek enflasyon gibi unsurlar vergi gelirleri \u00fczerinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez etkiler yaratabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Sonu\u00e7 olarak, optimum vergi oran\u0131 \u00fclkeden \u00fclkeye de\u011fi\u015fir ve zamanla da farkl\u0131la\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n

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        4. Tarihsel \u00d6rnekler<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        a) ABD – Reagan D\u00f6nemi (1980\u2019ler)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

        Ronald Reagan y\u00f6netimi, arz y\u00f6nl\u00fc ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayarak gelir vergisi oranlar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Beklenti, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck vergilerin yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131 ve ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi h\u0131zland\u0131rarak toplam vergi gelirlerini y\u00fckseltmesiydi. Ancak, ekonominin Laffer e\u011frisinin maksimum noktas\u0131n\u0131n solunda<\/strong> bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle bu politika hedeflenen sonucu vermedi. Vergi gelirleri d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 h\u0131zla artt\u0131. Bu deneyim, Laffer e\u011frisi teorisinin pratikte riskli olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

        b) Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00dclkeleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n

        2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda baz\u0131 Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkeleri, tek oranl\u0131 gelir vergisi (flat tax) sistemine ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131. Vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, k\u0131sa vadede vergi taban\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomiyi azaltarak vergi gelirlerinde art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flad\u0131. Ancak bu sonu\u00e7, yap\u0131sal reformlarla desteklendi\u011fi i\u00e7in elde edildi; yani tek ba\u015f\u0131na vergi indirimi yeterli olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

        c) T\u00fcrkiye \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/strong><\/h4>\n

        T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de vergi oranlar\u0131nda zaman zaman yap\u0131lan indirimler, \u00f6zellikle \u00d6zel T\u00fcketim Vergisi (\u00d6TV)<\/strong> ve Katma De\u011fer Vergisi (KDV)<\/strong> gibi dolayl\u0131 vergilerde t\u00fcketim e\u011filimini canland\u0131rarak k\u0131sa vadede gelir art\u0131\u015f\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Ancak kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan, bu etki kal\u0131c\u0131 olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

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        5. Modern Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ve Ele\u015ftiriler<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok iktisat\u00e7\u0131, Laffer e\u011frisinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na ekonomik politika belirlemek i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmaktad\u0131r. Bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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          Gelir Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Etkileri:<\/strong> Vergi indirimleri genellikle y\u00fcksek gelir gruplar\u0131na daha fazla fayda sa\u011flar, bu da gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fini art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          B\u00fct\u00e7e Disiplini:<\/strong> Vergi indirimlerinin beklenen etkiyi yaratmamas\u0131 durumunda kamu maliyesi ciddi a\u00e7\u0131klarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Talep Tarafl\u0131 Fakt\u00f6rler:<\/strong> Laffer e\u011frisi arz y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir modeldir, ancak t\u00fcketim harcamalar\u0131 gibi talep y\u00f6nl\u00fc fakt\u00f6rleri ihmal eder.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Davran\u0131\u015fsal Tepkiler:<\/strong> Vergi oranlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, bireylerin ve firmalar\u0131n motivasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclenden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde etkileyebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Bu nedenlerle, Laffer e\u011frisi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tek ba\u015f\u0131na de\u011fil, maliye politikalar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer unsurlar\u0131yla birlikte de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

          \n

          6. Laffer E\u011frisinin G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Yeri<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          Laffer e\u011frisi, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme ve sermaye hareketlili\u011finin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ekonomilerinde daha da karma\u015f\u0131k bir h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir. Sermayenin serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fcksek vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131n sermaye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131na yol a\u00e7mas\u0131na neden olabilir. Bu durum, vergi rekabetini art\u0131r\u0131r ve \u00fclkeleri daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck vergi oranlar\u0131na y\u00f6neltebilir.<\/p>\n

          \u00d6te yandan, dijital ekonomi ve s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi ticaretin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, vergi tabanlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak optimum vergi oran\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, modern ekonomilerde Laffer e\u011frisi h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6nemli bir referans noktas\u0131 olmakla birlikte, daha kapsaml\u0131 bir makroekonomik \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

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          7. Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          Laffer e\u011frisi, vergi oranlar\u0131 ile vergi gelirleri aras\u0131ndaki do\u011frusal olmayan ili\u015fkiyi a\u00e7\u0131klayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir teorik \u00e7er\u00e7evedir. Ancak, uygulanabilirli\u011fi karma\u015f\u0131k ve risklidir.<\/p>\n

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          • \n

            Optimum vergi oran\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru belirlenememesi, b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Ekonominin bulundu\u011fu noktan\u0131n do\u011fru tespit edilmemesi, politikalar\u0131n beklenenin tersine sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Vergi politikalar\u0131, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131m te\u015fvikleri ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi gibi unsurlar dikkate al\u0131nmadan tasarlan\u0131rsa, Laffer e\u011frisi tek ba\u015f\u0131na anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Laffer e\u011frisi maliye politikalar\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r ancak nihai kararlar ampirik analiz<\/strong>, b\u00fct\u00e7e dengeleri<\/strong> ve makroekonomik ko\u015fullar<\/strong> g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak verilmelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Laffer e\u011frisi, gelir d\u00fczeyindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n vergi gelirleri \u00fczerindeki olumlu etkisinin, vergi haddindeki d\u00fc\u015fmenin vergisi geliri \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkisinden b\u00fcy\u00fck olabilece\u011fini varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Vergi Geliri = Vergi Haddi x Gelir. Vergi haddi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak gelir d\u00fczeyi art\u0131nca, vergi gelirinin artabilece\u011fi i\u00e7eren bu varsay\u0131m a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikte g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Amerikal\u0131 iktisat\u00e7\u0131 Arthur Laffer\u2019e itifen Laffer e\u011frisi diye<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4788,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,47],"tags":[436,435],"class_list":{"0":"post-4784","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-makro-ekonomik-analizler","9":"tag-arthur-laffer","10":"tag-vergiler"},"better_featured_image":{"id":4788,"alt_text":"Laffer E\u011frisi Nedir","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":370,"height":269,"file":"2023\/09\/Laffer-Egrisi-1.jpg","filesize":22784,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"Laffer-Egrisi-1-300x218.jpg","width":300,"height":218,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":9850,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Laffer-Egrisi-1-300x218.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"Laffer-Egrisi-1-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":4536,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Laffer-Egrisi-1-150x150.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"Laffer-Egrisi-1-150x109.jpg","width":150,"height":109,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":3366,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Laffer-Egrisi-1-150x109.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":4784,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Laffer-Egrisi-1.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4784"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5582,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4784\/revisions\/5582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}