{"id":4796,"date":"2023-09-26T12:10:40","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T09:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=4796"},"modified":"2025-08-20T12:43:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T09:43:47","slug":"mali-kaldirac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/mali-kaldirac\/","title":{"rendered":"Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, tam istihdam durumunda g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na alternatif olarak Richard Musgrave taraf\u0131ndan form\u00fcle edilmi\u015ftir. Saf bir b\u00fct\u00e7e \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bu tan\u0131m mali etkinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi ile ilgilidir ve maliye politikas\u0131<\/a> ile m\u00fcdahalenin d\u00f6nemsel hareketler \u00fczerindeki etkisini de\u011ferlendirmek \u00fczere kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, reel kamu harcamalar\u0131, transferler ve vergilerin baz\u0131 ko\u015fullar i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermekle beraber, \u015fu \u015fekilde ifade edilir;<\/p>\n

\"Mali<\/p>\n

Form\u00fclde ifade edilen\u00a0 \u0394G ve \u0394T de\u011fi\u015fkenleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fme, k de\u011fi\u015fkeni ise maliye politikas\u0131 \u00e7arpan\u0131d\u0131r. (\u0394G – \u0394T) ifadesi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cari b\u00fct\u00e7e fazlas\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir ve b\u00fct\u00e7e de\u011fi\u015fmelerinin toplam talep \u00fczerindeki ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 etkisini ifade eder. Maliye politikas\u0131 \u00e7arpan\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ise toplam etkiyi g\u00f6sterir. Mali kald\u0131rac\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen b\u00fct\u00e7eye ve etkisine ili\u015fkin olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n cari, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve transfer harcamalar\u0131ndan olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve vergilerin ise gelir ve harcamalar \u00fczerinden al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlan\u0131rsa, \u00a0bu harcamalar\u0131n ve vergilerin etkilerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 toplam\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 de\u011ferleri veri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kamu harcamalar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fmelerin (\u0394G) 10 milyar TL, vergilerdeki de\u011fi\u015fmelerin (\u0394T)<\/p>\n

8 milyar TL ve \u00e7arpan de\u011ferinin 3 oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 de\u011feri ne olursa olsun b\u00fct\u00e7edeki bu de\u011fi\u015fme geni\u015fletici etki yaratacakt\u0131r. Toplam talep \u00fczerindeki ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 etkisi 2 milyar TL\u2019dir. Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 ise;<\/p>\n

mK = 6 milyar TL olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Burada 3 \u00f6nemli noktaya dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekmektedir. Birincisi, mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 sadece maliye politikas\u0131ndaki<\/a> de\u011fi\u015fmelerin toplam talep \u00fczerindeki etkisine ili\u015fkindir. Ve bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hedefleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eder. \u0130kincisi, bu tan\u0131m\u0131n politika de\u011fi\u015fmelerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve potansiyel \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark daraltma \u00fczerindeki etkisini de\u011ferlendirmedeki ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, se\u00e7ilen ekonometrik modele ve katsay\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tahmin etmede izlenen s\u00fcrece ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00e7e dengesindeki otomatik ve iradi de\u011fi\u015fmeler aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m yapmaz.<\/p>\n

Daralan ekonominin daha da fazla daralmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan harcama art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, kamu istihdam\u0131 ve vergi indirimleri mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerin d\u0131\u015f \u015foklara kar\u015f\u0131 olan hassasiyeti enflasyon ve i\u015fsizlik aras\u0131ndaki ters y\u00f6nl\u00fc ili\u015fkinin farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na i\u015fsizlik artarken enflasyonun da artmas\u0131 gibi durumlara sebep olur. Bu nedenle bir ekonomideki normal daralma d\u00f6nemlerinde mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 enflasyonu y\u00fckseltmeden ekonomiyi canland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1. Mali Kald\u0131rac\u0131n Ekonomik \u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, maliye politikas\u0131n\u0131n makroekonomik dalgalanmalar \u00fczerindeki etkinli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergedir. Musgrave taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, yaln\u0131zca b\u00fct\u00e7e dengesine bakarak yap\u0131lan analizlerden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya fazlas\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ekonominin genel talep \u00fczerindeki etkisini do\u011fru \u015fekilde yans\u0131tmayabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n ve vergi de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin etkileri farkl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klara sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, bu farkl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 dikkate alarak maliye politikas\u0131n\u0131n toplam talebi ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, hem politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar hem de analistler i\u00e7in kritik bir karar destek arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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2. Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 ile B\u00fct\u00e7e Dengesi Aras\u0131ndaki Fark<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da fazlas\u0131ndan tamamen farkl\u0131 bir kavramd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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    B\u00fct\u00e7e dengesi<\/strong>, kamu gelirleri ile kamu harcamalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7<\/strong> ise harcamalar ve vergilerin toplam talep \u00fczerindeki nispi etkilerini<\/strong> hesaba katar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00d6rne\u011fin, ayn\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki farkl\u0131 maliye politikas\u0131 bile\u015fimi ile olu\u015fabilir:<\/p>\n

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      10 milyar TL\u2019lik kamu harcamas\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      10 milyar TL\u2019lik vergi indirimi<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0130ki durumda da b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r, ancak toplam talep \u00fczerindeki etkiler farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc vergi indirimleri t\u00fcketim e\u011filimi y\u00fcksek kesimlere y\u00f6nelirse talep \u00fczerindeki etkisi daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olur. \u0130\u015fte mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 net bi\u00e7imde ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n

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      3. Maliye Politikas\u0131 \u00c7arpan\u0131 ile \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, maliye politikas\u0131 \u00e7arpan\u0131 (k) ile do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir. Maliye politikas\u0131 \u00e7arpan\u0131, kamu harcamalar\u0131ndaki veya vergilerdeki bir birimlik de\u011fi\u015fimin milli gelir \u00fczerindeki etkisini \u00f6l\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

      \u00d6rne\u011fin, kamu harcamalar\u0131ndaki 10 milyar TL\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f\u0131n milli geliri 30 milyar TL art\u0131rmas\u0131 halinde, \u00e7arpan de\u011feri k = 3<\/strong> olur. Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 ise bu \u00e7arpan etkisini de hesaba katarak, b\u00fct\u00e7edeki de\u011fi\u015fimin nihai etkisini g\u00f6sterir. B\u00f6ylece, politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar harcama ve vergi de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin ger\u00e7ek ekonomik etkisini<\/strong> do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde hesaplayabilir.<\/p>\n

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      4. Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 T\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 iki temel bile\u015fenden olu\u015fur: iradi (discretionary)<\/strong> ve otomatik (automatic)<\/strong> etkiler.<\/p>\n

      a) \u0130radi Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      H\u00fck\u00fcmetin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan etkilerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n

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        Kamu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        Yeni vergi indirimleri uygulama<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        Transfer \u00f6demelerini geni\u015fletme<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Bu t\u00fcr mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, do\u011frudan politika tercihleri ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

        b) Otomatik Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7<\/strong><\/h4>\n

        Ekonomik dalgalanmalara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kendili\u011finden<\/strong> ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan etkilerden olu\u015fur. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n

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          Ekonomik durgunluk d\u00f6nemlerinde vergi gelirlerinin d\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          \u0130\u015fsizlik artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fsizlik maa\u015f\u0131 \u00f6demelerinin otomatik olarak y\u00fckselmesi<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Bu durumda h\u00fck\u00fcmet aktif bir politika de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gitmese de mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 devreye girer.<\/p>\n

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          5. Geli\u015fmi\u015f ve Geli\u015fmekte Olan \u00dclkelerde Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde i\u015fler:<\/p>\n

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            Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00dclkelerde:<\/strong> Kamu maliyesi daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve derin oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 etkisi daha belirgin olur. Transfer \u00f6demeleri ve vergi yap\u0131s\u0131, ekonomik dalgalanmalar\u0131 otomatik olarak dengeler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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            Geli\u015fmekte Olan \u00dclkelerde:<\/strong> Maliye politikas\u0131 daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kaynaklarla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 etkisi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca d\u0131\u015f \u015foklara olan y\u00fcksek hassasiyet nedeniyle, maliye politikalar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez hale gelebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u00fcrkiye gibi geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerde, mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 etkisini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in harcama kalitesinin y\u00fckseltilmesi<\/strong> ve vergi sisteminin daha etkin tasarlanmas\u0131<\/strong> gereklidir.<\/p>\n

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            6. Enflasyon ve \u0130\u015fsizlik Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7<\/strong><\/h3>\n

            Klasik Phillips E\u011frisi’ne g\u00f6re, enflasyon ile i\u015fsizlik aras\u0131nda ters y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. Ancak geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde bu ili\u015fki her zaman ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. \u00d6zellikle maliyet enflasyonu<\/strong> d\u00f6nemlerinde, hem i\u015fsizlik hem de enflasyon birlikte artabilir (stagflasyon).<\/p>\n

            Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 bu noktada \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. E\u011fer maliye politikas\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011fru se\u00e7ilirse, toplam talep art\u0131r\u0131larak istihdam desteklenebilir, enflasyonu tetiklemeden b\u00fcy\u00fcme sa\u011flanabilir. Ancak yanl\u0131\u015f tasarlanm\u0131\u015f maliye politikalar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamu bor\u00e7lar\u0131 y\u00fcksek \u00fclkelerde, enflasyonist bask\u0131lar\u0131 daha da \u015fiddetlendirebilir.<\/p>\n

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            7. D\u0131\u015f \u015eoklar Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7<\/strong><\/h3>\n

            K\u00fcresel ekonomide ya\u015fanan d\u0131\u015f \u015foklar, mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n

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              Petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki ani art\u0131\u015flar<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              D\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 dalgalanmalar<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              K\u00fcresel finansal krizler<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Bu gibi durumlarda h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, i\u00e7 talebi desteklemek i\u00e7in kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir veya vergi indirimleri uygulayabilir. Ancak d\u0131\u015f kaynak ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek \u00fclkelerde bu politikalar, b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcterek uzun vadede bor\u00e7 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 kullan\u0131l\u0131rken d\u0131\u015f denge<\/strong> fakt\u00f6r\u00fc mutlaka g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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              8. Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 ve Para Politikas\u0131 E\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

              Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 tek ba\u015f\u0131na etkili bir ara\u00e7 de\u011fildir; para politikas\u0131yla uyumlu y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekir. Aksi halde, iki politika birbirini n\u00f6tralize edebilir.<\/p>\n

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                Geni\u015fletici maliye politikas\u0131 ile birlikte geni\u015fletici para politikas\u0131 uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, toplam talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131 daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                Ancak geni\u015fletici maliye politikas\u0131, s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131yla birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcrse faiz oranlar\u0131 y\u00fckselir ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n etkisi zay\u0131flar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Bu nedenle, mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 etkisini optimize etmek i\u00e7in para politikas\u0131yla koordinasyon zorunludur.<\/p>\n

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                9. Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Uygulamalar\u0131nda Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Zorluklar<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 teoride olduk\u00e7a net g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, uygulamada \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir:<\/p>\n

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                  Veri Eksikli\u011fi:<\/strong> Do\u011fru \u00e7arpan katsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir veri gereklidir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                  Zamanlama Sorunu:<\/strong> Politika kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomiye yans\u0131mas\u0131 zaman al\u0131r; bu da hedeflenen etkinin kaybolmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                  Siyasi Bask\u0131lar:<\/strong> H\u00fck\u00fcmetler, se\u00e7im d\u00f6nemlerinde geni\u015fletici mali politikalar\u0131 tercih ederek uzun vadeli mali disiplinden sapabilirler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                  D\u0131\u015fa Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k:<\/strong> D\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fc y\u00fcksek \u00fclkelerde mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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                  10. Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, b\u00fct\u00e7e dengesi ve maliye politikas\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n toplam talep \u00fczerindeki etkisini \u00f6l\u00e7en \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergedir. Do\u011fru kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ekonomik dalgalanmalar\u0131n \u015fiddetini azaltabilir, istihdam\u0131 destekleyebilir ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi te\u015fvik edebilir. Ancak yanl\u0131\u015f tasarlanm\u0131\u015f maliye politikalar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirerek uzun vadede ekonomik istikrar\u0131 tehdit edebilir.<\/p>\n

                  Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7 uygulamalar\u0131:<\/p>\n

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                    Harcama ve vergi bile\u015fimlerinin dikkatli tasarlanmas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                    Para politikas\u0131yla koordinasyonu<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    D\u0131\u015f \u015foklara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir mali yap\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> gerektirir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Do\u011fru stratejilerle kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, hem ekonomik istikrar\u0131n hem de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda kritik bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, tam istihdam durumunda g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na alternatif olarak Richard Musgrave taraf\u0131ndan form\u00fcle edilmi\u015ftir. Saf bir b\u00fct\u00e7e \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bu tan\u0131m mali etkinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi ile ilgilidir ve maliye politikas\u0131 ile m\u00fcdahalenin d\u00f6nemsel hareketler \u00fczerindeki etkisini de\u011ferlendirmek \u00fczere kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Mali kald\u0131ra\u00e7, reel kamu harcamalar\u0131, transferler ve vergilerin baz\u0131 ko\u015fullar i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermekle beraber, \u015fu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":4798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,47],"tags":[293,437],"class_list":{"0":"post-4796","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-makro-ekonomik-analizler","9":"tag-maliye-politikasi","10":"tag-richard-musgrave"},"better_featured_image":{"id":4798,"alt_text":"Mali Kald\u0131ra\u00e7","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":1035,"height":691,"file":"2023\/09\/Kamu-Maliyesi.jpg","filesize":411538,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"Kamu-Maliyesi-300x200.jpg","width":300,"height":200,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":20585,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Kamu-Maliyesi-300x200.jpg"},"large":{"file":"Kamu-Maliyesi-1024x684.jpg","width":1024,"height":684,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":202251,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Kamu-Maliyesi-1024x684.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"Kamu-Maliyesi-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":8490,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Kamu-Maliyesi-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"Kamu-Maliyesi-768x513.jpg","width":768,"height":513,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":117606,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Kamu-Maliyesi-768x513.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"Kamu-Maliyesi-150x100.jpg","width":150,"height":100,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":5985,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Kamu-Maliyesi-150x100.jpg"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"Kamu-Maliyesi-450x300.jpg","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":43460,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Kamu-Maliyesi-450x300.jpg"},"bunyad-768":{"file":"Kamu-Maliyesi-768x513.jpg","width":768,"height":513,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":117606,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Kamu-Maliyesi-768x513.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":4796,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Kamu-Maliyesi.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4796"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5580,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4796\/revisions\/5580"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}