{"id":4836,"date":"2023-10-03T13:23:29","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T10:23:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=4836"},"modified":"2025-08-18T18:35:01","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T15:35:01","slug":"okun-kurali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/okun-kurali\/","title":{"rendered":"Okun Kural\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Okun Kural\u0131,<\/strong>\u00a0Ger\u00e7ek hayatta i\u015fsizli\u011fin iktisadi maliyeti \u2013 GDP a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, do\u011fal i\u015fsizlik haddini a\u015fan her ilave y\u00fczde bir i\u015fsizli\u011fin reel GDP\u2019nin do\u011fal GDP\u2019nin y\u00fczde ka\u00e7 alt\u0131na inmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu anlamda Arthur Okun\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, ABD ekonomisinde do\u011fal i\u015fsizlik haddini a\u015fan her ilave y\u00fczde birlik i\u015fsizlik, reel GDP\u2019nin do\u011fal GDP\u2019den y\u00fczde iki bu\u00e7uk k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Bu durum Okun Kural\u0131 olarak ifade edilir ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilir;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4837\" src=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-Formulu.jpg\" alt=\"Okun Kural\u0131\" width=\"275\" height=\"68\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-Formulu.jpg 275w, https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-Formulu-150x37.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Bu denklemde GDP ifadesi do\u011fal GDP\u2019yi, ifadesi ise reel GDp\u2019yi g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinde 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fsizlik haddinin U = %8, do\u011fal i\u015fsizlik haddinin Un= %6 oldu\u011fu ve do\u011fal i\u015fsizlik haddini a\u015fan her ilave %1 i\u015fsizli\u011fin ABD ekonomisinde oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de reel GDP\u2019nin do\u011fal GDP\u2019den %2.5 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilirse, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda GDP a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n % -5 oldu\u011fu, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda reel GDP\u2019nin do\u011fal GDP\u2019den %5 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4838 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-Denklemi.jpg\" alt=\"Okun E\u015fitli\u011fi\" width=\"179\" height=\"67\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-Denklemi.jpg 179w, https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-Denklemi-150x56.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 179px) 100vw, 179px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki Okun kural\u0131 denklemi GDP i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi de yaz\u0131labilir;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4839\" src=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Denklemi-GDP-Cozumg.jpg\" alt=\"\u0130ktisat Okun Denklemi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc\" width=\"204\" height=\"65\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Denklemi-GDP-Cozumg.jpg 204w, https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Denklemi-GDP-Cozumg-150x48.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 204px) 100vw, 204px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Bu denkleme g\u00f6re hayali bir ekonomide 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda reel GDP 100 TL ve bir \u00f6nceki denkleme g\u00f6re hesaplanan GDP a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 % -5 ise,\u00a0 GDP* = 105.2\u00a0 TL\u2019dir.<\/p>\n<p>Okun kural\u0131 bazen b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 G bi\u00e7iminde ifade edilir. Bu anlamda Okun kural\u0131n\u0131 reel GDP b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 g* ve do\u011fal GDP b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 \u00a0ile g\u00f6sterecek olursak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde ifade edilir;<\/p>\n<p><em>g =\u00a0 g* &#8211; 2.5\u0394u\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0394u terimi i\u015fsizlik haddini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130\u015fsizlik haddinin de\u011fi\u015fmemesi <em>\u0394u = 0<\/em> halinde reel GDP b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 do\u011fal <a href=\"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/gayri-safi-yurtici-hasila\/\">GDP b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131na<\/a> e\u015fit olur: <em>\u0394u = 0, g = g*<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k i\u015fsizlik haddi pozitif oldu\u011funda, reel GDP b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 do\u011fal GDP b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olur: \u0394u &gt; 0 , g &lt; g* \u00d6rne\u011fin, do\u011fal b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n g* = %4 oldu\u011fu bir ekonomide 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fsizlik haddi %1 artm\u0131\u015f ise, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 reel GDP b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 %1.5 olur. Bu \u00f6rnekte i\u015fsizlik haddi %1 yerine %2 artm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 reel GDP b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 % -1 olurdu.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer taraftan yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan hareketle, GDP a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daima pozitif oldu\u011funu ( GDP haddinin daima 100\u2019den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011funu ) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek gerekir.\u00a0 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc <a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/pub\/akuiibfd\/issue\/60853\/901602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">do\u011fal i\u015fsizlik<\/a> haddinin i\u015fsizlik haddine e\u015fit oldu\u011fu ekonomide i\u015fi olan ki\u015filerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ( \u00f6rne\u011fin g\u00fcnde 8 saat yerine 15 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131) sonucu, reel GDP do\u011fal GDP\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kabilir ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da GDP a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 negatif bir de\u011fere ( GDP haddi 100\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fere) sahip olabilir. Do\u011fal GDP\u2019yi reel GDP\u2019nin ula\u015fabilece\u011fi maksimum de\u011fer olarak alg\u0131lamamak gerekti\u011fini ifade eden bu husus hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, do\u011fal GDP, i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011funda ve emek normal d\u00fczeyde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcretilebilecek reel GDP diye yeniden tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"106\" data-end=\"851\">Okun Kural\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar yaln\u0131zca teorik d\u00fczeyde kalmam\u0131\u015f, zamanla ampirik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara da konu olmu\u015ftur. Farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, i\u015fsizlik ile reel GDP aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin \u015fiddetinin ve katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkeden \u00fclkeye, hatta ayn\u0131 \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin ABD i\u00e7in Arthur Okun\u2019un buldu\u011fu katsay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.5 iken, Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde bu katsay\u0131 1.5 ile 3.5 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerde ise i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n esnekli\u011fi, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdam\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle katsay\u0131 daha farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlere ula\u015fabilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, Okun katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n genellikle 2 ile 3 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"1347\">Bu noktada, Okun Kural\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sabit bir yasa de\u011fil, ekonominin yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015febilen ampirik bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kimi d\u00f6nemlerde i\u015fsizlik artmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen GDP\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir daralma g\u00f6zlemlenmezken, kimi d\u00f6nemlerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fsizlik art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 bile ciddi \u00fcretim kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden olabilmektedir. Bunun nedeni, ekonomideki i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131, verimlilik d\u00fczeyi, sekt\u00f6rlerin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc talebi ve teknolojik geli\u015fmeler gibi unsurlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde farkl\u0131 etki yaratmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1985\">Okun Kural\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda ekonomik politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6sterge niteli\u011findedir. \u00d6zellikle merkez bankalar\u0131 ve maliye politikas\u0131 otoriteleri, i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimi g\u00f6zlemleyerek, ekonomideki b\u00fcy\u00fcme performans\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmekte bu kuraldan yararlan\u0131r. \u0130\u015fsizlik oran\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131ndaki yava\u015flamaya i\u015faret etmesi, geni\u015fletici para ve maliye politikalar\u0131n\u0131n devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirebilir. Bunun tersine i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, ekonominin potansiyeline yak\u0131n \u00fcretim yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eder ve enflasyonist bask\u0131lar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirebilir.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1987\" data-end=\"2592\">Okun Kural\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemi, ekonomik durgunluklar\u0131n toplumsal maliyetlerini g\u00f6stermesidir. \u0130\u015fsizli\u011fin yaln\u0131zca bireysel refah kayb\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ekonominin toplam \u00fcretim kapasitesinde ciddi kay\u0131plar anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi bu kural sayesinde daha somut bi\u00e7imde ifade edilebilmektedir. \u0130\u015fsiz kalan bireyler gelirlerini kaybettiklerinde yaln\u0131zca kendileri etkilenmez, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplam talep de d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu da ekonomide k\u0131s\u0131r bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden olabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Okun Kural\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fcme ile i\u015fsizlik aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin ayn\u0131 zamanda bir sosyal politika meselesi oldu\u011funu da ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2594\" data-end=\"3201\">Ampirik g\u00f6zlemler ayr\u0131ca i\u015fsizlik t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re de farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, konjonkt\u00fcrel i\u015fsizlik Okun Kural\u0131\u2019na daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131rken, yap\u0131sal i\u015fsizlik veya friksiyonel i\u015fsizlik, GDP a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde daha zay\u0131f etkilere sahiptir. Bu nedenle, i\u015fsizli\u011fin nedenlerini do\u011fru analiz etmek, Okun Kural\u0131\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fru yorumlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bir ekonomide i\u015fsizli\u011fin art\u0131\u015f nedeni teknolojik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ya da i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn beceri uyumsuzlu\u011fu ise, GDP\u2019deki kay\u0131p daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olabilir. Ancak i\u015fsizlik tamamen talep yetersizli\u011finden kaynaklan\u0131yorsa, Okun katsay\u0131s\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek g\u00f6zlemlenir.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3203\" data-end=\"3753\">Kural\u0131n politika tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki bir di\u011fer yans\u0131mas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fcme hedefleri ile istihdam hedefleri aras\u0131ndaki dengenin kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmetler yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 hedefleyerek de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015fsizli\u011fi azaltmay\u0131 da \u00f6ncelikli ama\u00e7 haline getirmek durumundad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin istihdam yaratma kapasitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funda, GDP artsa bile i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek kalabilir. Bu durum, literat\u00fcrde \u201ci\u015fsiz b\u00fcy\u00fcme\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde g\u00f6zlemlenen bu durum, Okun Kural\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemini daha da art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3755\" data-end=\"4141\">Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte i\u015fsizlik de y\u00fckselebilir. Bu paradoksal durum, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na yeni kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n artmas\u0131ndan veya teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin emek talebini azaltmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanabilir. Bu da bize, Okun Kural\u0131\u2019n\u0131n her zaman mutlak ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi olan bir yasa de\u011fil, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir korelasyon ifade eden ampirik bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu tekrar hat\u0131rlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4143\" data-end=\"4694\">Son olarak, Okun Kural\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha da \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir alan, kriz sonras\u0131 toparlanma s\u00fcre\u00e7leridir. 2008 k\u00fcresel finans krizi ve 2020 COVID-19 pandemisi sonras\u0131nda i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131n\u0131n seyri ile GDP kay\u0131plar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pandemi d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda meydana gelen ani \u015foklar, GDP \u00fczerinde klasik katsay\u0131lardan farkl\u0131 etkiler yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle modern iktisat\u00e7\u0131lar, Okun Kural\u0131\u2019n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyarlayarak, daha esnek bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele almaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4696\" data-end=\"5253\">\u00d6zetle, Okun Kural\u0131 i\u015fsizlik ile ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem teorik hem de pratik d\u00fczeyde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. Sabit bir katsay\u0131dan ziyade, farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ve farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de\u011fi\u015febilen bir ili\u015fki olmas\u0131, kural\u0131n ele\u015ftirilmesine yol a\u00e7sa da, i\u015fsizlik ve GDP a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ili\u015fkilendiren en temel \u00e7er\u00e7evelerden biri olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r. Hem makroekonomik politika olu\u015fturma hem de ekonomik dalgalanmalar\u0131n toplumsal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Okun Kural\u0131, ekonomi literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde vazge\u00e7ilmez bir yere sahiptir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Okun Kural\u0131,\u00a0Ger\u00e7ek hayatta i\u015fsizli\u011fin iktisadi maliyeti \u2013 GDP a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, do\u011fal i\u015fsizlik haddini a\u015fan her ilave y\u00fczde bir i\u015fsizli\u011fin reel GDP\u2019nin do\u011fal GDP\u2019nin y\u00fczde ka\u00e7 alt\u0131na inmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu anlamda Arthur Okun\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, ABD ekonomisinde do\u011fal i\u015fsizlik haddini a\u015fan her ilave y\u00fczde birlik i\u015fsizlik, reel GDP\u2019nin do\u011fal GDP\u2019den y\u00fczde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":4840,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,47],"tags":[449,249,195],"class_list":{"0":"post-4836","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"category-makro-ekonomik-analizler","9":"tag-arthur-melvin-okun","10":"tag-gayri-safi-yurtici-hasila","11":"tag-issizlik"},"better_featured_image":{"id":4840,"alt_text":"Okun Yasas\u0131","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":1200,"height":750,"file":"2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali.jpg","filesize":113542,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"Okun-Kurali-300x188.jpg","width":300,"height":188,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":10009,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-300x188.jpg"},"large":{"file":"Okun-Kurali-1024x640.jpg","width":1024,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":52438,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-1024x640.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"Okun-Kurali-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":5145,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"Okun-Kurali-768x480.jpg","width":768,"height":480,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":36177,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-768x480.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"Okun-Kurali-150x94.jpg","width":150,"height":94,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":3563,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-150x94.jpg"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"Okun-Kurali-450x281.jpg","width":450,"height":281,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":17364,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-450x281.jpg"},"bunyad-768":{"file":"Okun-Kurali-768x480.jpg","width":768,"height":480,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":36177,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali-768x480.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":4836,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Okun-Kurali.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4836"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5573,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4836\/revisions\/5573"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}