{"id":5277,"date":"2024-08-13T20:44:47","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T17:44:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/?p=5277"},"modified":"2025-07-18T22:50:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T19:50:21","slug":"anonim-sirketlerde-azinlik-haklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/anonim-sirketlerde-azinlik-haklari\/","title":{"rendered":"Anonim \u015eirketlerde Az\u0131nl\u0131k Haklar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anonim \u015firketlerde az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131, kanunda belli oranlardaki pay gruplar\u0131n\u0131n kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklard\u0131r. Bu oranlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir pay sahibi elinde bulundurabilece\u011fi gibi di\u011fer yandan birden fazla pay sahibi de bir araya gelerek bu haklar\u0131 kullanabilirler. Bu oran, halka kapal\u0131 \u015firketlerde sermayenin %10\u2019u iken halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015firketlerde<\/a> sermayenin %5\u2019ine tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. Bu oranlar \u015firketin esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir seviyede tutulabilir fakat y\u00fckseltilemez. Bu oranlar\u0131n, paylar\u0131n sermaye i\u00e7indeki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmelidir. Kanun Koyucu pay gruplar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ad\u0131na bu oranlara \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r getirmi\u015ftir. Az\u0131nl\u0131k Haklar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrleri \u015fu \u015fekildedir;<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6netimde Temsil Edilme Hakk\u0131 (T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu madde 360):<\/h4>\n

Esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak suretiyle y\u00f6netimde belli oranlarda pay\u0131 elinde bulunduran grubun \/ gruplar\u0131n temsil edilmesi sa\u011flanabilir. Bu sayede y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerinin belli k\u0131sm\u0131, bu grubun g\u00f6sterece\u011fi aday aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir. Hakl\u0131 sebep olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece bu ki\u015filerin \u015firket genel kurulu taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcye olarak se\u00e7ilmesi zorunlu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Fakat bu yolla gelecek y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerinin say\u0131s\u0131, toplam y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famaz.<\/p>\n

Genel Kurulu Toplant\u0131ya \u00c7a\u011f\u0131rma Hakk\u0131 (TTK m. 411):<\/h4>\n

Madde 411\u2019de sermayenin onda birini, halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015firketlerde ise yirmide birini olu\u015fturan pay sahiplerinin \u015firketi genel kurula davet edebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Sonraki maddede ise genel kurula g\u00fcndem maddesi eklenmesi talep edildi\u011finde bunun reddi halinde mahkemeye gitme haklar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Finansal Tablolar\u0131n M\u00fczakeresi S\u0131ras\u0131nda Toplant\u0131n\u0131n Ertelenmesi (TTK m. 420)<\/h4>\n

Azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n istemi ile sermayenin onda birini temsil eden grubun (halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015firketlerde %5\u2019inin) finansal tablolar\u0131n m\u00fczakeresi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 konular\u0131 bir ay s\u00fcreyle erteletebilmesine dair az\u0131nl\u0131k hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Erteleme, madde 414 uyar\u0131nca pay sahiplerine bildirilir<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel Denet\u00e7i Atanmas\u0131n\u0131 Talep Hakk\u0131 (TTK m. 438 – 439):<\/h4>\n

Pay sahipleri<\/a> bilgi alma ve inceleme haklar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6zel denet\u00e7i atanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilirler. Bu istemin genel kurul taraf\u0131ndan reddi halinde sermayenin onda birini olu\u015fturan pay sahipleri (halka a\u00e7\u0131k sermaye \u015firketlerinde y\u00fczde be\u015f) veya bir milyon lira sermayesi olan pay sahipleri \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde \u015firketin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 asliye ticaret mahkemesinden \u00f6zel denet\u00e7i atanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilirler.<\/p>\n

Pay Senetlerinin Bas\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Talep Hakk\u0131 (TTK m. 486\/3):<\/h4>\n

Onda bir oy oran\u0131na sahip pay sahipleri, nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 pay senetlerinin bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p t\u00fcm pay sahiplerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir. Paylar\u0131n hamiline yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda y\u00f6netim kurulu, 3 ay i\u00e7inde bunlar\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde ilm\u00fchaber \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r (Senedin bas\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce). Bu durumda azl\u0131k hakk\u0131na sahip olanlar bunlar\u0131n da bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir.<\/p>\n

Hakl\u0131 Sebeple Fesih Davas\u0131 A\u00e7ma Hakk\u0131 (TTK m. 531):<\/h4>\n

Sermayenin %10\u2019u, halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015firketlerde %5\u2019i \u015firketin bulundu\u011fu yerin asliye ticaret mahkemesine ba\u015fvurarak \u015firketin feshini talep edebilirler. Burada hakim, \u015firketin feshi yerine davay\u0131 a\u00e7an pay sahibinin \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na veya uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme karar verebilir. Maddedeki \u201chakl\u0131 sebep\u201d ifadesi kanunda tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bo\u015fluk doktrin ve yarg\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan doldurulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kurulu\u015f ve Sermaye Art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda Y\u00f6netim Kurulu\u2019nun Sorumlulu\u011funu \u0130bray\u0131 Engelleme (TTK m. 559):<\/h4>\n

Y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerinin sorumluluklar\u0131, g\u00f6rev s\u00fcrelerinin bitmesiyle sona ermez. 4 y\u0131l boyunca kurulu\u015f ve sermaye art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumludurlar. Bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in ibra edilmeleri gerekir. Esas sermayenin onda birini veya halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015firketlerde yirmide birini temsil eden pay sahipleri, 4 y\u0131l ge\u00e7se de sulh ve ibraya kar\u015f\u0131 iseler sulh ve ibra genel kurul taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmaz.<\/p>\n

Bakanl\u0131k Temsilcisinin Atanmas\u0131n\u0131 Talep Hakk\u0131:<\/h4>\n

Genel Kurul\u2019da bakanl\u0131k temsilcisinin atanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep hakk\u0131, Anonim \u015ei\u0307rketleri\u0307n Genel Kurul Toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Usul Ve Esaslar\u0131 I\u0307le Bu Toplant\u0131larda Bulunacak Bakanl\u0131k Temsi\u0307lci\u0307leri\u0307 Hakkinda Y\u00f6netmeli\u0307k madde 32 gere\u011fince sermayenin y\u00fczde onunu olu\u015fturan pay sahiplerine aittir.<\/p>\n

Sermaye Piyasas\u0131 Kanunu Uyar\u0131nca Az\u0131nl\u0131k Pay Sahiplerine Tan\u0131nan Haklar:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kay\u0131tl\u0131 sermaye sisteminde sermaye art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kararlar\u0131 y\u00f6netim kurulu taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nabilmektedir. Bu, esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile bir tavan miktar belirlenerek yap\u0131l\u0131r. Karar\u0131n ilan\u0131ndan itibaren 30 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde azl\u0131k hakk\u0131na sahip olanlar \u015firket merkezinin bulundu\u011fu yerde asliye ticaret mahkemesinde bu karar aleyhine dava a\u00e7abilirler (Sermaye Piyasas\u0131 Kanunu m. 18).<\/p>\n

Sermaye Piyasas\u0131 Kurulu\u2019nun belirleyece\u011fi orana sahip pay sahipleri, kendileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan az\u0131nl\u0131kta kalan pay sahiplerini ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu ki\u015filer, az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n paylar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Kurul\u2019dan talep edebilirler. Di\u011fer yandan az\u0131nl\u0131k pay sahipleri i\u00e7in ise kendi paylar\u0131n\u0131 satma hakk\u0131 do\u011far (Sermaye Piyasas\u0131 Kanunu m. 27).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anonim \u015firketlerde az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131, kanunda belli oranlardaki pay gruplar\u0131n\u0131n kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklard\u0131r. Bu oranlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir pay sahibi elinde bulundurabilece\u011fi gibi di\u011fer yandan birden fazla pay sahibi de bir araya gelerek bu haklar\u0131 kullanabilirler. Bu oran, halka kapal\u0131 \u015firketlerde sermayenin %10\u2019u iken halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015firketlerde sermayenin %5\u2019ine tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. Bu oranlar \u015firketin esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[496,447],"class_list":{"0":"post-5277","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeoekonomik-makro-veriler","8":"tag-anonim-sirketler","9":"tag-ticaret-hukuku"},"better_featured_image":{"id":5278,"alt_text":"A.\u015e'lerde az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":948,"height":632,"file":"2024\/08\/inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1.jpg","filesize":301066,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-300x200.jpg","width":300,"height":200,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":23022,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-300x200.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":11457,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":102652,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-768x512.jpg"},"bunyad-small":{"file":"inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-150x100.jpg","width":150,"height":100,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":9445,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-150x100.jpg"},"bunyad-medium":{"file":"inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-450x300.jpg","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":42936,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-450x300.jpg"},"bunyad-768":{"file":"inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":102652,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1-768x512.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1","keywords":[]}},"post":5277,"source_url":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/inaki-del-olmo-NIJuEQw0RKg-unsplash-1.jpg"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5277"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5279,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5277\/revisions\/5279"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datakapital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}